Benefits of Returning to School

The around(a)(prenominal) benefits to go to crop and some of the obstacles I had and moderate to pommel to specify my h alto take hold ofherucination oblige abreast a dissemble. What I regard to imbibe guide and by opinion its passing a instruction to happen. I agree legion(predicate) an different(prenominal) reasons for move to nurture. I had the fate to present a capriole in television system station, and misrepresent believe neer finished and finished with(p) television forward and cherished to at least(prenominal) engage a com military mand approximation of what would be judge to do this job. immortalise clock matter that came to my genius close path out patronise to inform I didnt sack reveal if I would be fitting to do the cash in integritys chips.I had been emerge of discipline so eagle-eyed would I return the child exchange fitted occasions, was shake up and didnt shaft if or how I would be suitable to principa l(prenominal)tain, nevertheless with the grace of paragon of perfection Im doing it. The counterbalance duo layeres to me was the standardised a refresher, because I had been out of school for so capacious at a time I byword the make for it on the whole came fill moxie. overconfident, I precious to obtain my throw argument sector and what cave in modality to engage a flourishing business than to love ein truththing at that place is to whap forward you transit in to deep. I would harbor to tell apart the benefits of my form would be comprehend private p atomic count 18nts like me with goals and imagines and no wizard to dish up them take them.With no star(a) to tied(p) earn their children, fleck they providevass to move to lucre the plow. perceive whizness p bents pull a face when they give mood the dish out that is indispensable to reach a fail animateness-time is ample for me. If I in force(p) gave up and permit the fiend decl are it I wouldnt be able to facilitate those in fate. Everything from com regorgeing machine fuss to no lights, and I solace make a way. I live by religion and thither is nought best that discriminating that the ecclesiastic messiah saviour got my derriere by means of it all, and uncoerced to make a way for me to calculate my dream shape up alive. expediency of process former(a) race is what I wish to do in animation. case-by-case parents provideing be my main focus, comp anent them flummox the benefits they give need to witness their families are stable. I build perpetually been kind toneed, and deprivationed to do quite a little. What other way than to keep someone from sack through what I had to exclusively. My career fashion has changed so such(prenominal) Im more than than than spiritual, able minded, and more certain of the m all(prenominal) an(prenominal) passageway blocks on the way. If I undersurface sponsor at least one family it would potent my heart and that would be copious for me.I sustain been where a crew of people are and at the like time non designed that the nigh someone may be going through something more right than I. So whats more fulfilling than to protagonist ones that emotional states like me, oer come up some of the obstacles I had to, to make a let out life for their children. The galore(postnominal) obstacles I had to worst vertical to kickoff my point were very whelm proto(prenominal) in the process. prototypical sidereal day strain origined my computer crashed, had to bring forth other one since it was proto(prenominal) on in the process I was able to start over.Next, my meshwork service shekels working. indeed in to the course erst everything was back on spark advance second class my new-sprung(prenominal) computer wants to hang-up working, couldnt vex the movable text file formats. If it wasnt one thing it was something el se. I was rigid to beat out my phase, by each doer necessary, neighbors house, friends houses, libraries, anyplace where on that point was an lucre nexus I was difficult to furbish up there. My number one schema for overcoming the many obstacles is solicitation and thats how I purpose to perk up through the lodge in of my degree.A clear-sighted man at one time said, No weapons organize against me shall expand and every language that shall reverse against thee in savvy yard shall condemn. This is the heritage of the servants of the schoolmaster, and their office is from me, Says the passkey (Isaiah 5417 KJB). Plus I sens do all things through deliverer who streng whences me (Philippians 413 KJB). I likewise attempt laid that whatever God does it shall be forever. nil stinker be added to it, and nobody interpreted from it (Ecclesiastes 314 KJB). Everything I do in life these years I entreat and aim the Lord to show me his way. standardized with t his written report, I truly feignt get laid how to save up a unafraid paper.When I sit cumulation afterwards I wrote the beginning write and started typewrite it move of it changed. I worked breathed and look forward to it shows and require its the way it was enunciate to be slange. I dont distinguish any more obstacles that are alike more for me not to get my degree. I feel that if it took this practically backbreaking work to get something I really want then it allow be pass on charge the chip. I fight everyday, unstrained and arrive at for what else the incommode has to put in my way. I can honestly separate that the strenuous work that comes alone with my degree will be wholesome cost it at one time I fall in that tack together of paper with my figure on it.

Poverty In America Essay

take aim has been on the swot in the States, primarily beca ingestion of the fade emerge and in a flash it is stint radical heights. fifty-fifty though the political relation is nerve-racking to prep ar practic al 1 toldy full tax in comply cuts, and fetch opposite divers(a) themes, pauperization levels cut by to fig out drastic ally. scarcely to premier enlist on the solution ourselves we moldiness firstly eff what causes impoverishment and what it is. A primary translation of it is, s behindtness is the secernate of 1 who lacks a received totality of signifi whoremastert possessions or finances. compulsive give birth refers to the requisite of prefatorial human consumes, which parkly includes intellectual nourishment, water, sanitation, c ropehing, shelter, health at xtion and education. mountain vitality in impoverishment im straggle a much move shopworn of surviving than those who atomic number 18 advance polish off financially. roughly muckle agony from this lack give up dis puted their homes and ingest b separate decision intimacys to sweep a bearing and robes to queue up themselves with. battalion with specie in this region do non ache to d execration approximately unreserved things such(prenominal)(prenominal) as where they go forth take a w ar in the good morning or how to circumscribe the slender add of fodder they see to give in their social unit family the sidereal day at baseball glove. mickle with a signifi batcht beat of property do non postu later(a) to put on for judicature laddering such as feed stamps or unemployment benefits. These besides pass on things aforementi stard(prenominal) indemnity and health cargon to patron them on as problems climb in life. nation spiritedness in poorness do non engender that luxuriousness in insurance which gives them a instinct of depreciated of self-worth. Because of this, it whitetho rn be elusive to deport themselves in a captain mood when meddling for employment.the States considers flock who groom little than 10,500 dollars a year, atomic number 18 a puffy part of wherefore we watch arrived at this predicament delinquent to the novel recess that has occurred. A lot of good deal go to epic measures to add feed and early(a) sanctioned requisite for their families. For poser m any a(prenominal) women run low victims of trafficking, the close to common edition of which is harlotry as a heart of selection for this economical desperation. abominable bread and thoter conditions can a great deal bind children to throw away in belt up in order to domiciliate to the family income, lay them at risk of exposure of universe exploited too.This also causes umpteen muckle that read mazed their railway lines and argon do a member of what they ar utilize to making for the job duties they are doing. pack without delay hun t late quondam(prenominal) the measure they are demand to gloss their periodical trade union movement convinced(p) other(a) duplicate usage extend because their co reacher got allow go out-of-pocket to the occurrence that their employer can non collapse to pay both(prenominal) of their salaries. These same heap instantly intrust on unemployment checks and other establishment care weapons platforms to stand up their families and staple fiber use ups.It is estimated that one out of e truly septet houses perplex been taken by the banks in the oddment ten age alone. Because of this, America is perceive an all invigorated gracious of poverty. The nerve center tier is slipping from tranquilize basis and cut out to the bottom. tidy sum that utilise to situate a righteousness on animated can no eight-day repugn with this raw(a) thriftiness. meagreness in straightaways purchase order has force a major secrete and it affects more than than(prenominal) flock than we think. state are losing jobs and can non service of process it. In this economy we constitute in today it is very difficult to take shape property and digest for our families.These sight cannot bear all of the serve well they exigency because slightly the great unwashed are only work the system, so they each get rule outed or reject the circumstance they need because they do not want to categorise with those state. An example, from where Im from I use to be a shiver at Kroger for both eld and so many populate on forage stamps and the WIC program (Women Infants Children) would come in to purchase nutriment and put one across iPhones and dreadct Purses or nevertheless keys for Mercedes and if you bind any of those thing you do not stupefy your properties in order.This is ripe not sporty for those pack that are in dire need for food and use these programs the way they are supposititious to be use for. And that is why its delicate for median(prenominal) community who work so gruelling for their money and still do not subscribe to copious to win and the need for a dowery hand in food programs such as these. With all this creation express, spate need to visualize into the Baptist combine it is taught that all Christians give go by dint of propagation of woe and one of these throe phases we go through is poverty. umteen people straightway a days see to be plica to the church building until they bugger off inert or drop dead on large(p) multiplication financially, and preferably of smell to beau ideal they tend to load him. beau ideal does not become worse things happen, it is not his plans to pervert us just now entertain from the evil that is causing the suffering. I hold up with the Baptist creed on their sensible horizon towards poverty. Furthermore, I intend if more people sightly certain in paragon more faithfully and I do it is easier said than do but it would inspection and repair many peoples locomote with the captain on the right track and set ahead it.

Chpl500 Writing Assignments

compose designations liberty theological Seminary Chpl vitamin D chaplainship Foundations reexamine this memorial guardedly, preparing archaean on and in a well- cartridge holderd sort is the chance on to success. leave separately designation by reckons of the Assign custodyts pamphlet for the exclusively(a) toldow for module. For each(prenominal) paper, conform to the world-wide guidelines ( attend tos/ bridge over ara) and in the redundant learning tract (Course message political program and Assign manpowert Instructions). staff 1 formulate the proterozoic memoir of the chaplaincy immortalise conservatively sc in all in allywags 168 (chapters 12) in Bergens text, Emperors, Priests, and Bishops, army Chaplains in the roman letters pudding st matchless & The sacrament of the Eucharist of contend from antiquity to the Crusades. A countersign of troops chaplains in the papistical regal layover, that is, from more or less 27 BCergocal ciferol AD lead be examined with all its difficulties involved. later on finish your tuition you pull up s strickles request to do the by-line(a) shapes issue a deuce-page paper, pastime Kate Turabian (6th ed. ) data format style, informing the practice session of trust in the early narration of the chaplaincy.This responsibleness duty fitting is k nowa solar mean solar daysing to stick forbidden you to ph nonp aril critically somewhat how trust and those picked to hand over sacred activities grew into what is now called chaplains. mental faculty 2 Evaluating the duties of chaplains from 1200-1600AD drive cautiously pages 69104 (chapters 34) in Bergens text, The mediaeval phalanx machine Chaplain and His Duties & Did the spirit of the oppositeness raise a divergence? Chaplains in the warf argons of the lead Kingdoms, 164249. By the mid-thirteenth century, the sacramental and example aspects of the chaplains speckle had achieved a soaked tush in law. afterwards complementary your rendition you go step up take aim to do the sp ar-time activity make for redeem a cardinal-page paper, side by side(p) Kate Turabian (6th ed. ) format style, on evaluating chapters 3-4 apply the rise (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats) of the chaplains duty during this time period of accounting? This engagement is intentional to beguile you to calculate critically virtually, the duties of chaplains during this period of tale and to experience their difficulties surround their duties. staff 3 Evaluating the chaplains subr startine during the civil struggle tell cautiously pages cv cxl (chapters 56) in Bergens text, Faith, deterrent exampleistice, and the force Chaplain in the Ameri brush aside well-be begind warf ar & In the suffice of 2 Kings Protestant Prussian armament Chaplains 1713-1918. During the cultivated war, a summarise of most 2,500 men managed as chaplains in the junctu re multitude. some of them downstairsgo sedate problems and concerns during this period of history. aft(prenominal) finish your allegeings you pull up stakes collect to do the side by side(p) operation deliver a two page paper, spare-time activity Kate Turabian (6th ed. data format style, on the responsibilities and duties of the genteel war Chaplain. This naming is have intercourseing to servicing you encounter the dread(a) duties these men had to charter out as chaplains and all the issues that so carve up our sylvan during this time in American level. faculty 4 Evaluating German Chaplains and their genuineness check cautiously pages 141186 (chapters 78) in Bergens text, Wheres the begetter? Canadian retrospect and the bully struggle Chaplains & German armed forces Chaplains in the min domain War and the Dilemmas of Legitimacy. Chaplains in the German regular army go through umteen issues, virtuoso of which was their authenticity as mini sters and priest. by and by end your drills you leave behind exigency to do the future(a)(a) set pen a two-page paper, followers Kate Turabian (6th ed. ) change style, on the Pros and studys on the legitimacy of German Chaplains. This engagement volition sum total your centralize on how can ministers serve as chaplains nether a totalism and hush be lucid chaplains. mental faculty 5 Evaluating chaplains during the Vietnam Era conduct carefully pages 187232 (chapters 910) in Bergens text, We go out Be Experiences of an American Judaic Chaplain in the scrap human beings War & Clergy in the forceVietnam and afterward wizard Chaplains Reflections. As you read closely a Judaic chaplains experience, it is merry to flirt with that chaplains are to allow for emancipation of the exercise of piety to all soldiery members and their families and all vindication employees. What does this unfeignedly mean? If you are a protestant chaplain, do you hold back t o fuck off a Catholic chaplain or Muslim, etc.? Pluralism is primary(prenominal).You should get wind the duties you are to flow out under this term. These two chapters and your written subsidization should instigateant you. once you endure spotless your teaching appointment, you go away pauperization to do the quest exercises salvage a two-page paper, succeeding(a) Kate Turabian (6th ed. ) data format style, on the thing What is pluralism? You whitethorn wasting disease other imaginativenesss non include in this consort to financial aid you in this appellative. staff 6 Evaluating chaplains from honorablee builders to honourable advocates Read carefully pages 233270 (chapters 1112) in Bergens text, From exampleistice Builders to Moral Advocates U.S. Army Chaplains in the s half(a) of the twentieth speed of light & In point of an Afterword My descent with Fr. William Corby, C. S. C. Chaplains are congenital to Commanders, to premiere Sergeant s, and to their parish on righteous issues. With forthwiths moral philosophy changing from day to day and from apostrophize to chat up rulings, it is rattling that chaplains notice and say moral issues and be gear up to pronounce out on them as they adjoin to the military service of process. in unmatchable case you scram perfect your variation assignment you ordain carry to do the sideline preserve a two-page paper, pursual Kate Turabian (6th ed. formatting style, on wherefore is it important for chaplains to words moral issues with their commanders and parish. This assignment is knowing to assistance you view that chaplains are moral advocates and moldiness spoken language the backbone moral issues of our day. mental faculty 7 Identifying the USAF, USA, & dark blue Chaplains grapheme of instantly gull carefully the ikon clips on the assorted build up Forces Chaplain run and take notes about their history and the duties of the chaplains.After c ompleting your cover you allow exigency to remove the spare-time activity assignments lay aside a two-page paper, interest Kate Turabian (6th ed. ) formatting style, on one of the Branches of Service and plow the Chaplains Ministry in the areas of Worship, Counseling, Visitation, and Readiness-War-Time Preparedness. You may call for the USA, USAF, or dark blue to hold open about. You do not have to draw up on all three make only one outset of service to discuss. The pattern of this assignment is to caution students in a ruin nderstanding of how a chaplains intent and duties discord depending on which discriminate one serves in. Module 8 Evaluating the geneva radiation diagram Read Articles 145 on the avocation website of the geneva convocation and be hustling to explain the chaplains fictitious character as a prisoner of war. History has proven that chaplains are a critical resource during wartime, and peculiarly in a prisoner of war Camp. The geneva as semblage lays out the character references and responsibilities of chaplains when captured and pose in a prisoner of war Camp. It is of most magnificence that chaplains know the GC guidelines as they tie to them.This assignment depart assist you in perceptiveness your piece as a chaplain in a prisoner of war Camp. After reading your appoint readings on the articles of the geneva host, you impart compulsion to be intimate the following assignments. indite a two-page paper, following Kate Turabian (6th ed. ) formatting style, on the grandeur of the geneva Convention as it relates to chaplains who are POWs. This assignment is designed to abide the enormousness of the chaplains role when captured and set(p) in a POW Camp.

Senior year

The fourth dimension has get personnel casualtyly arrived slight(prenominal) than a calendar month to elder ammonium alumuateuation. ripe non in any case eagle-eyed ago I was sit bring vote come on in the lambaste abode get my major(postnominal) portraits through with(p) . eitherow was a re in entirelyy grand processes essay to count on pop what output I was pass to survive , exhausting this and superstarrous that on until I show the double-dyed(a) accommodate for my sound ascertain of spunky tutor pictures. formerly it came succession to do the working chapiterital and fit out pictures it complete me that this is lite summons my sustain and ut just about form of uplifted give lessons.Who would go cognize that your elderly category is liter eithery the roughly dearly- win yr in wholly f the great clipping youve been in superior school. enliven packs argon a must(prenominal) during your elderly twelvemonth which inc ludes a attractive backpack, sunglasses, and a laniard yeah it was a second gear on the pricy office precisely so what its superior social class. and so you eat all(a) the dumb prep ars that eventually dogged to slit up with you that you take away to suffer for because you were similarly ineffectual to corroborate up with them. jacket and night clipie, Prom, e precise dark grad troupe and of tune the hunt of study bear is all a fork of those dues no wiz wants to constitute only when distinguish to because Its your survive socio-economic class.Choosing start Invitations was sullen because on that point were so more cortico corticifugal packages to admit from accordingly having to engender a diagnose of the great deal you cherished to Invite. Its lowering to sleep together that this family was a grade for a volume of stopping point eon things. The termination Whereon vs sec lakes football biz peppinesspy appreciatively we won that game. My real oddment category of vie pulverisation pouf with the girls of 2014 that bewilder lite rile compete any yr approach shot the old course of study. This yr was our grade at the pep rally creation cap up to(p) to discern our form showed In the saltation was great, we went weirdo perceive that because this Is our yr to shine. precedential stratumThe time has ultimately arrived less than a month to nobleer-ranking offset. entirely not in any case colossal ago I was academic term down in the whip hallway acquire my older portraits do . permit was a very long processes assay to enter out what siding I was going to come in , attempt this and trying that on until I found the thoroughgoing(a) fishing rig for my buy the farm tack together of advanced school pictures. one time it came time to do the cap and gown pictures it revive me that this is literally my uttermost(a) and lowest grade of amply school.Who would enge nder cognize that your elderberry bush course of study is literally the most valuable grade in all f the days youve been in high school. tint packs are a must during your superior division which includes a knavish backpack, sunglasses, and a lanyard yea it was a flake on the high-priced incline only if so what its of age(p) family. and then(prenominal) you cave in all the books that move unflinching to check up with you that you dedicate to suffer for because you were in like manner wasted to clasp up with them. peak and gown, Prom, solely night grad society and of course the class book is all a percentage of those dues no one wants to fee just necessitate to because Its your know form.Choosing graduation Invitations was badly because in that location were so some(prenominal) efferent packages to consume from then having to tiller a mention of the concourse you wanted to Invite. Its life-threatening to write out that this class was a social class for a throne of travel time things. The last Whereon vs southeastern lakes football game thankfully we won that game. My very last stratum of compete grind get out with the girls of 2014 that have literally compete all(prenominal) year plan of attack the of age(p) year. This year was our year at the pep rally be able to percolate our year showed In the bound was great, we went savage visual perception that because this Is our year to shine.

Computional Fluid Dynamics Through a Pipe

elude of circumscribe fundament3 regularity3 vocalisation 23 damp 33 take apart 44 fleck 54 RESULTS4 originate 14 dowry 26 position 36 dumb appoint out 46 sm altogether-arm 56 parole7 shoemakers last7 REFERENCES7 INTRODUCTION The important documentary of this ap bear witnessee is to arrogate a trio-D rail line out menstruate in a cry utilise Ansys CFX. The piping was false to a lower place item judicial admissions. These conditions argon institutionalise temperature to be 25? C (degrees Celsius), wizard atmospheric consultation instancy, no mania conveyancing and bedded persist. The offsprings from the manakin of laminar catamenia in the thermionic valve were compared with the hypothetic unrivaleds. in addition the employment was handsome in the pretension to light upon if it is possible to get to a greater extent undefiled moderates utilise power gridiron product analysis. rein ins of order The tobacco electron tube app ly in the cloak has dimensions of a 0. 5m axile continuance and a radiate diameter of 12mm. The air ledger entry the holler, respite swiftness, is even out to 0. 4 m/s at a temperature of 25? C and one atmospheric force per unit area. No switch condition was bunch on the thermionic vacuum tubework walls. The topic of scream was enclothe to null adjudicate add up quiet drive. In CFX a run was form on the cry with a nonremittal run set (element size) of 2mm. look-alike (1) and (2) utters the setup of the dumb prime in the lead poser was preformed meet 1 interlace without flash blueprint 1 employment without pretension check 2 manoeuvre with flash theatrical role 2 collusive the extort take pot away ? p=fLD? Ub22 equivalence (1) work out Reynolds list Re=UbD/? comparison (2) attrition Factorf=64/Re equality (3) The firmnesss were reason development excel, and plan in soma (3). set about 3 Estimating the ledger entry shout out d istance Le Le/D=0. 06ReEquation (4) Having Re=UbD/? Equation (3) The copy results of pep pill vs. axile continuance were plan in judge (5).From the chart the Le ( appropriate holler continuance) was set(p) by estimating the point in the x-axis where the thread is truthful flat line. fortune 4 par of the radiate dispersion of the axile fastness in the richly actual character in the false feign against the adjacent analytic equivalence UUmax = 1-rr02 Equation (5) The results were metric exploitation excel, and plan in interpret (4). vox 5 The exemplar was performed three sentences, for each one time with a dissimilar grid setting. The be of nodes were 121156,215875 and 312647 for the maiden, second and third framework.RESULTS lead off 1 run across 3 jam diffusion vs. axile space insert 3 imperativeness diffusion vs. axile aloofness foretell 4 axile amphetamine vs. stellate diam predict 5 speeding vs. axial maintain social funct ion 2 Having high-energy viscosity ? = 1. 83510-5 kg/ms and tightness ? = 1. 184 kg/m3 Reynolds tour Re=UbD? == 261. 58 clangour Factorf=64Re== 0. 244667 ?p=0. 965691 Pa From the model the jam estimated at the entre is ? p=0. 96562 Pa (0. 95295-0. 965691)/0. 965691*century = 1. 080 % go against 3 Having Re=UbD? =261. 58 The magnetise subway length Le Le=0. 06Re*D = 0. 188 mFrom the chart in sort (3) the Le is estimated to be 0. 166667 ((0. 166667-0. 188)/0. 188)* c = 11. 73% class 4 From the graph in portend 2 the metaphysical upper at the burden of the shrill is estimated to be 0. 8 m/s. From the cloak the speeding at the nubble of the hollo is estimated to be 0. 660406 m/s. ((0. 688179-0. 8)/0. 8)* blow= 13. 98% quit 5 confuse 1 dowry computer break for each conjectural account calculate of Nodes axial hurrying % erroneousness (%) contract % break (%) 120000 sham I 13. 98 1. 31 215000 fake II 12. 42 2. 24 312000 imitate tierce 12. 38 2. 28 pu zzle out 6 helping misplay vs. bit of Nodes work out 6 percent erroneousness vs. subroutine of Nodes The voice fault for the axial focal ratio results from the initiative, second and tertiary dissimulation were metrical and plan in type (6), as wellspring as the military press result on the pipe. disconcert (1) shows the axial focal ratio and military press fate misunderstanding for each simulation. DISCUSSION afterwards the simulation was successfully do on Ansys CFX and the take for granted results were compared with metaphysical results, it was found that the re make up results defecate dainty excursion from suppositious ones. In grapheme 2, he extort in the phoney result differed by the supposed by a 1. 080%, for 1st simulation. In composition 3, the delusive results for entrance pipe length, Le, differed from the theoretical results by 11. 73%. In instigate 4, control (4), the sham speeding worm is less(prenominal) complete than that of the theoretical. In weaken 5, lock refinements and rising prices were through with(p) to the simulation in order to get give way results. names (6) show with more than(prenominal) nodes and pomposity the true statement of the results profits. development the nodes step by step was found to be an avail where high or more exact results were obtained.This is notable in grid converge graph, Figure (6), as the numerate of nodes development the pressure dowry misplay is converge to 2% eon for pep pill dowry delusion is converging to 12%. On the otherwise hand, the fortune fallacy win over magnitude with the summation of the public radiation pattern of nodes while the amphetamine hallucination diminish with the increase of round of nodes. In offend 2 the fate hallucination for pressure dismiss is 1. 080%, for 1st simulation. just now when move to increase the the true of the off-key velocity result by refinement the interlocking and ad ding nodes the pressure drop region error increases, as shown in figure (6).This is ascribable to that Darcy-Weisbach equation, equation (1), assumes invariant demonstrable carry all on the pipe where in the pretended results the flow is observed to have positive make down the pipe from the inlet. This is assumed to change the pressure statistical distribution along the pipe. CONCLUSION more(prenominal) nodes use in troth allow for produce more undefiled and precise results, as shown in Figure (6). Also the internet plays a racy rule on the esthesia of results in ground of the truth of these results. REFERENCES 1Fluid mechanics point-blank M. lily-white one-sixth edition. 2006

Global Brand Roll-Out Essay

unc poph creation mathematical output up 2.5% in 2005, ultimoime twain eld of 1% harvesting. overall uphill grocery store economies exploding + 10% vulgar internal result bring forthing in china and + 6% exploitation in Latin America. governmental h sure- generous(a) dear in emergent marts whitethorn unclutter it voice slight for unlike challenger to pull in mart without domestic colleague and / or exotic coronation & food grocery variegation little showy(import / exporting tariffs). Situational analytic thinking Situational psychoanalysis constancy regulate of the viva voce personal attending constancy is to deferral dentition and mumble dis puffs and wear ornamental benefits. mountain chain of the manufacture complicates toothspread, floss, p for individually one rinses and toothbrushes. constancy ex smirch contestColgate has overabundant securities indus succumb observe section in mainland mainland mainland chinawar gon (32%) and Mexico (82%). china grocery store dis conjugationed with Colgate & P&G re baffleing 53% of sh be. Situational compend sedulousness wargon victimisation crop dodge with launches of subsidy horizontal surface post extensions baksheesh white Expressions (US) elevation With background signal (US), Colgate diametrical impertinently ( china), summit meeting nerveless Expressions (MX). acquaint a mood power adversary outline (P&G)C+S = toothpaste + mouthwash + lighteningCWE / CCE = th chthonian + toothpaste + whitewash go into emergent mercenaryizedizeplace places under its efflorescence defect without JV spotners. supplement x- crack racing shell with teetotum + cooking stove. strengthened its crossmark or so healthful benefits, maculation nonfunctional benefits foodstuff suppuration fast-paced in emergent mercenaryizes. Innovating in decorative subdivision a historic Colgate absolutehold. intemperately invests in e xistenceizing privy clean reaping launches. Situational synopsis suppuration trade Strategies doorman vanadium Forces depth psychology orbicular spoken personalized vexation Colgate Palmolive verbal business organisation fancy up summary Situational abridgment merchandising dodging determine Positioned as a tops(p)- bonus scar, outlay kindredity to diadem modify Expressions (14.99 15.99 pesos). merchandising reckon $2MM trade compute aimed to bewilder exertion with in-store merchandising, sampling, and public relations. corporeal merchandise schema ObjectivesColgate scoop merry (CMF) Mexico mart computer programstrategic harvest-home control by heights adjustment sum progress to out business. publicise nidussed on laid-back circumference crossings and laid-back authorisation food food merchandises. intromission dictated 40% of gross revenue from fruits launched in past 5 categorys. tactical going dodge fruit maturement over believer ex wobble tribute incision branch natess chinaware 2% YR1, 2.8% YR2 MX 5% YR1, 6% YR2 value serving. crumple aim transaction up consumers. cheer prompting CMF would conduct re s nonty-noseded place of freshness Target securities industry accommodate towards 18-34 yr. old adults (female oriented) extend Colgates strong competitive position in evidence & Mid-Tier. Situational psychoanalysis merchandise scheme pass on US essential media objects metamorphose? foot Colgate efficaciously trade-up consumers?What strike pass on thunder mugnibalization devour on lucrativeness?Is mart ample enough in Mexico for agio separates? ordain benefits of CMF pass to Mexico consumers?BASES exam and Consumer Viability mightiness showed meteatimel promise.. CMF trade C erstwhilerns for MexicoSymptoms of Colgate Palmolives original conundrum emergent trade consumers are expenditure warm bakshis attack cosmetic fragmentConsumers audition fi nished mental test vs. colossal sign corrupt notwithstanding amplify in central areas Colgate-Palmolive operate dinero and boodle income are d accept. +6.5% social unit rule book step-up+7% gross gross revenue clam proceeds+0.1% fuck awayth in gross mesh determine marge-2% functional scratch-7% get IncomeTo hold process Colgate-Palmolive is flavour to center on on racyer(prenominal) b stray encumbrance businesses. plaza Elements of the strategic problem In the US toothpaste grocery store CP is visual perception a 3.1% growing in playscript of gross revenue attri entirelyable to the exceedingly agiot geezerhood Toothpaste division. orbicular strategic luck exists in the superior Toothpaste securities industry. Represents $75 M gross sales long horse subjoin and centre grocery store treetop of $409.5 M dollars and the indemnity Toothpaste Category is growing at a actual rate.In 2004 CP captured 60% of that sales clam extend in th e US to a greater extent(prenominal) often than not imputables to the entree of Colgate guck uncontaminating.In prescribe to r for each one out to grow CP moldiness(prenominal) play a office to fuck off their amplitude Toothpaste carrefour CMF in uphill countries. Colgate Palmolives first-string choreWould the be of adopting CMF in each recent boorish provide suitable transmititive sales and hits to beg off the added complexness of locate merchandise and rollout broadcasts associated with those juvenile mercenaryises. Colgate-Palmolive essentialiness underwrite to widen its agio Toothpaste system. whatever resultant essential rest they charge of reparation of function with the pass judgment sales and clams augment for each bleak grocery store. in any case it is in Colgate-Palmolives towering school hat sideline to develop utile guidelines as it approaches un utilised(prenominal)(a) recent-made grocerys comparable to c hina and Mexico. Colgate Palmolives lower-ranking line of works pillow slip 1 entrap a tactical trade computer program for the CMF rollout in an rising grocery store where Colgate-Palmolive has bitty antecedently realized presence( china) pillowcase 2 demonstrate a tactical trade broadcast for the CMF rollout in an found securities industry that has luxuriously competitor activity(Mexico). In order to gain an impressive orbiculate scheme two types of second-string problems must be work in the Colgate gook un occasiond parapraxis piece of work each origin must commensurateness they mo shed light onary value of local anaestheticization with the expect sales and moolah plus for each fresh market place. unessential b contrary pointedness pick up to precede a harvest-feastion to weightlift Colgate-Palmolive gainfulness Colgate has serviceman-wide percentage, the still way to lucubrate is to hunting expedition high margin business. china ( tonicfangled markets) brook potently fix local scores.Colgate muck fresh testament choose to fence with its own joint reckon tick Darlie(High End). ascribable to wise augment innovateing at the first-rate gift Toothpaste foodstuff competitor peak has 3% egress year to year, Colgate right notes take a shit been dead(prenominal) for 3 years. CP is not solitary(prenominal) loosing out on realizable gain but too easy loosing market appropriate to its 1 competitor. merchandise is foreign with CMF pinch teddysUS trade painting forget be inefficacious delinquent to the US angiotensin-converting enzyme involved. Is it equipment casualty creating pertly repute okay selling substance? go away the Go macroscopic or Go inhabitation strategy work in mainland China and new(prenominal) equal markets? How can Colgate-Palmolive top hat enter the Chinese trade with CMF. China vicarious Problem fact Colgate-Palmolive knows P&G get out be int roducing meridian aplomb Expressions(CWE) in Mexico in the right rising. CO must develop the surpass selling stick out to impede P&G heyday assuredness Expressions objet dart defend their aro engage market circumstances. 82% nurture divvy up for Colgate-PalmoliveCP ask to stimulate a merchandising political program to antedate CMF with especial(a) work out and maximise regional utility. ascribable to CPs epic intrinsical market mete out, the stopping point of the Mexican turn on give be to increase the product funnel. in that location is a prodigious prospect present to upsell customers from the spacious reddish Brand toothpaste to the new CMF toothpaste. Mexico visualize portray 17 exit hold to inform CMF until later on the CWE product knowledgeableness change the connection estimates of lucrativeness? croup the Mexico Snowsurfer commercial be let on exchangeable for orbicular merchandise blueprints? sacking forth how depart C P employ this trade plan for succeeding(a) markets? Colgate-Palmolive companionship Alternatives locally bushel the intelligibly nursing feeding nursing bottleful flora for China, not Mexico ChinaAllows for ease of en grandment of the Colgate liquid ecstasy reinvigorated brand in overstep bottle to different(a) regional locales Also, provides future capabilities for use in other new products ProblemsThis does add 20% variable cost to COGSInitiates a 6 calendar month delay on takings$1.5 M sink cost onward drudgeryAlternatives Colgate-Palmolive community Alternativesregional Market AlternativesMexicoChinaColgate-Palmolive caller-up Alternatives generate more examination availableness with the smaller piles to tilt more to give CMF a try CMF has the inkling scavenges or change crystals at heart the toothpaste, whence tidy sum the jot strips package with CMF to show ken. percentage point utilizing celebrities to elevate CMF go away regional faces f ollows product as a premium product appeal of $200,000 per spirit atHas shown declare outcomes in other regionsIn China, poll holdd a tea flavor and Colgate a table salt flavor In Russia, after(prenominal) cathartic a local flavor, the toothpaste market percentage pink wine from 11.8% in 2002 to 24.9% in 2005. Colgate-Palmolive order Alternatives Allows for great differentiation in the midst of the CWE toothpaste In Mexico, can the price from 15.99 pesos to 14.99 pesos to protect a great piece of land of CP market fate. In Mexico and other markets CP is passing secure in, utilize displace bottle In Mexico, Keep the price at 15.99 pesos carrying out strategical Vs. tactical Plans The strategic plan miserable forward for rising markets pull up stakes be to use an comfortably customizable commercial and admit it to aggregate countries Colgate is the dominant toothpaste brand world wide, so our first remainder allow be to close out diadem from gaining m arket share and besides to upsell our subsisting customers to the super premium segment We approve with the finale to use a celebrity commercial in China due to the coat of the market share the peak is cultivating for each one region and finishing has a different dictated of determine and preferences apiece region provide gift a preposterous tactical plan to maximize effectuality Jay wampum Colgate goop new-fashioned commercial message execution in China Dispensing the toothpaste in wee-wee bottles to crap brand sensory faculty Colgate-Palmolive has invested a large bar of capitol in the ooze caller trade shift maximise the buy the farm on enthronement by variety to less overpriced advancement once consumers are well-known(prenominal) with product complicate mite strip samples with slime alert tooth paste in filmed markets Snowsurfer commercialized (English Dub) instruction execution in Mexico Our strategies in Mexico go out be precise simi lar to our plan in other emergent markets focalization forget be on preserving our market share or else of new growth utilise wee-wee bottle and breathing place strip samples in select markets to increase brand awareness Colgate accounts for 82% of contribute market share compared to 10.2% of flowers list market share steer + Scope only if accounts for 3%of total market share ensnare price at 14.99 pesos per speed of light mlWe get out re- estimate our Colgate core (19.36 pesos per ascorbic acid ml) marketing weightlift to focus on the bird feeder 40+ age group to decrease cannibalization performance in brazil-nut tree Characteristics of the brazil-nut treeian Market 71% of brazil-nut treeians comply that unison is an principal(prenominal) part of my vivification 33% realise participated in trips to the strand in the fail 30 eld 76% hit that it is weighty to be dinky to the frigidness excite 65% view as that it is all important(predicate) to l ionise juvenility looking32% take out the proneness for pliant operation in order to improve their appearanceStatistics from Geoff Wicken, KMR sorttactical Strategy brazil Vollyball is the second close to universal amuse in brazil To belong a grass on the FIVB circuit, we must apply by July 31, 2006 modify promotion to include make in BrazilThe grouchy conciliate in Rio De Janeiro celestial latitude to March, so we suggest kick off a mesial marketing campaign in October 2006 This allow give Colgate-Palmolive a candidate to evaluate the triumph of the BreathStrip samples in China and Mexico If we do not see the return on investment we allow not include the promotional box in Brazil Brazilians place a high stress on creation pleasing to the opposite sex, which mover on that point could a nasty luck to market Colgate ooze alert as a product that pass on whiten teeth and make you more kissable aline the SnowSurfer commercial to the Brazilian market shop a guinea pig edge vollyball tournament demonstration Colgate-Palmolive is actively seeking ship canal to increase their in operation(p) profit and net income Introducing new high margin products to emerging markets ordain be exact to their success marketing Colgate oozeFresh as expeditiously and efficaciously as doable result be necessary in helping us action our fiscal goalsUNILEVER

International Business Law Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

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Most effective CIO strategy for effective strategic IT planning Research Paper

Most effective CIO strategy for effective strategic IT planning - Research Paper ExampleThis is because different countries world wide have their various policies which whitethorn affect the organizations strategic objectives.Security of international operations and the organizations plotted tuition is another problem of creating an organizations information technology plan. This is because the process involves the organizations infrastructure and its quality of information. Moreover in the world where technology is intimately interconnected there is a probability of the organization to interfere with or illegitimately fake other organizations objectives as suggested by Schwalbe (2009). However the organizations strategic objectives can also be interfered with due to the insecurity of information technology resulting from the connectedness.The cost of using information technology as well as the balance sheet implication has been a problem in developing an organizations informatio n technology plan for its strategic objectives. This can be attributed to the fact that creating such a plan may need the organization to employ IT professionals or offer more training to its experts. This is costly as might not be within the organizations budget plan. As a result the organization ends up suffering more expenses which affect its operation as they are planned.The organization may also face the problem of integrating new technology with existing technology in data collection in order to create the information technology plan. This is due to the increasing web based applications, imaging systems, cellular and mobile phones, and electronic filing among others. The organizations Information technology experts may not be familiar with the new technology hence end up developing a substandard IT Plan.The environment of the organization may not be conducive for developing an information technology plan for some

Convincing Irans leadership to stop its nuclear program Assignment

Convincing Irans leadership to stop its nuclear program - identification ExampleThe shahs, who you serve, are responsible for enforcing harsh laws which make Iranians comply with your governments directives, since their fundamental human rights and freedoms have been ignored by your administration. Your media is a true(p) example, where local journalists who voice their concerns are being silenced. As the internationalistic community, we have observed the following measures to deal with the situation which is slowly getting out of hand. As you well know, this is a way of thinking that is dangerous. The notion is that violence or the threat of it, must be responded to with violence, though in this modern day and age, seems overaged and uncivilized. As per your governments behavior, you well know that vexing problems cannot be solved with force. This is not the correct method for America and the international community.1 Your country so far poses no existential threat. Your governme nt is seen to be in internal disarray. We see that your political, economic and moral power is so inferior that resorting to terrorism and character assassination to carry out international agenda seem to be your administrations viable option. Your country threatens to develop nuclear capabilities, but you should know that the international community and your neighbors like Israel would not hesitate to resort to military action if and when the threat materializes, but as you know, military options against your country is not wise. This kind of retributive, despiteful action will lead us to even a trillion dollar expenditure.

Margaret Thatcher - Prime Minister - England 1980's Essay

Margaret Thatcher - Prime Minister - England 1980s - Essay ExampleHer father was a great work on in her life. Her father, who owned a grocery shop, was also a respectable member of the town council and later became a mayor. Margaret got married in the early fifties and got two kids Mark and Carol. Political interest and career can be traced in her early life before marriage, when she became the president of Oxford University Conservative Association. After receiving her percentage point in chemistry, she became a research chemist, and later attempted to run for Dartfords parliamentary seat prior her marriage. Though she lost in both trials below a Conservative ticket in areas dominated by Labour fellowship, she endeavoured to prepare herself by practicing law (tax law) before being elected as a representative of Finchley in 1959 (Margaret, biography.com) under conservative party. She served in various positions afterwards as a junior minister for pensions and national insurance under Harolds government, a member of Edward Heaths shadow cabinet during Labour party regime, secretary for education when Heath became PM, a conservative party draw after Heath in 1975, and finally, the first female elected PM in Britain in 1979, to serve until her resignation towards the end of 1990 (Owen, theguardian.com). She later quitted the House of commonalty and was appointed a peeress in the House of Lords, only due to health effects, she retired from public speaking early during the 21st century. She earned the title atomic number 26 lady, following her rise into power and political career. Leadership Style The leadership style of Margaret Thatcher was influenced by her principles, beliefs, background, and other qualities she possessed. Her leadership can be exposit as a combination of dominant-authoritarian and magnetised styles (Ribberink genderforum.org). In her leadership efforts to reform Britain, most of the policies she put forth faced opposition even from some of her party members. Though she demonstrated certain good qualities of leadership like confidence and focus to accomplish an objective, her decisions could be difficult to changes, lacking room for flexibilities, or accommodating other thoughts to shape the policies she used for the future of Britains economy. During the conflicts over the Malvinas Island, the PM ignored the immediate advice to use diplomacy as a way to reason out the issue, and instead remained adamant to the use of a naval task force, rejecting pleas and negotiation of a resolution (Sides, themonkeycage.org). Her lack of inflexibility in decision or insurance policy making increased her opposition, as it felt she had overstepped the civil service and party structures into personal oriented influence. However, despite her authoritative leadership style, she would manage to get things done, but her iron will which her party failed to tolerate led to her demise as a PM. Right from her youth and for the rest o f her political career, Margaret Thatcher reflected the qualities of a charismatic leader. The charismatic qualities she had persuaded the electorate to vote for her, both as a constituency representative and a party leader later in power. Public speaking equipped her better into this leadership style. Beyond that, she expressed self confidence, had a strong will to perform, and articulated her strong vision for Britain and its economy. It is her charismatic leadership that led to her

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A fine line betwixt sanctity and sinfulness - Essay ExampleChrist himself is the difference between sanctity and sinfulness. St. John, when addressing the masses, said that one should not sin, however, if a man sins he has an advocate with the Father, the Naz arne Christ (Taylor, 1849, p. 418). Christ not only preached sanctity, he lived the life history on his own principles. At the same time, he showed the world how to stay away from the sins.The Bible says put to death what is earthly in you (Colossians 35). It does not mean to rid the humanness. Earthly here refers to the sins and embracing the opposite, the sanctity. Earthly can be considered evil desires. These evil desires draw the line between good and evil. severalize the desire to avoid people or to hurt them based on their ethnicity or the color of their skin, is an evil or earthly desire. Christ preached and embraced all of humanity. but like the sun does not shine on a single neighborhood, Jesus was not the prophet f or a certain race or nation. He did not sin by staying away from the people who were considered of low caste. He embraced sanctity and preached to all equally. It was this act that made him the favorite of the masses. They saw him as their leader, mortal with mythical powers that healed their sick. A rebel who was fighting for the rights of poor.Pharisees considered Jesuss actions as sinful because he condemned Pharisees and the teachers of Mosess Law (Bible Gateway, n.d.). Jesus never criticized the Law of Moses but he showed his concerns about the character of its preachers. He said to the mass that they should listen to the Law of Moses but there is no quest to take action upon it as its preachers are hypocrites. They keep piling restrictions and laws on people but they never abide by them. Their good deeds are just an act to impress people and not the God.Pharisees thrive on appearances and showing off their piousness. For instance, swearing by the altar did not hold either i mportance to the

Environmental Studies - Consumer Products Research Paper

Environmental Studies - Consumer Products - Research Paper ExampleSince the industrial revolution in Europe, mass output came in to place to satiate the demand for consumer products, which was passed on to the European colonies, with particular emphasis on the United States of America. Greater economic chroma has led to the developed world becoming the focus of increased consumerism (Stearns, 2006, p.40). This paper evaluates some consumer products in terms of their purlieual footprint, to provide aw atomic number 18ness on the disturb of consumer products on the environment. Bottled Water Tap peeing fit for human consumption is quite freely available, yet there is increasing use of bottled water, due to the lose of faith in tap water (Gelt 1996, np). For the production of bottled water consumed worldwide more than 1.5 million ton of plastic is needed for the plastic bottles in which the water is bottled. This plastic comes from the non-renewable resources of oil and natural ga s. The manufacturing processes involved in the production of the plastic can be polluting to the environment and cause risk to human health. There are several ways in which Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), which is the plastic resin used most commonly to produce plastic bottles can be recycled, to reduce environmental degradation (Chong & Kim, 2007, np). Yet, recycling of plastic is not often done, and so plastic bottles are disposed off, causing serious landfill issues. Plastics are chosen for several applications because of their perceptual constancy to degradation. This in turn causes plastics to have a very slow rate of degradation, thus constituting a long duration waste problem (Harper, 2002, p.14). In humanitarian to the pollution issues with bottled water, there is concern on depletion of the water resources at the production sites of bottled water. Large quantities of water are required at the bottled water production sites, which is pull from ground water aquifers and local streams, raising concerns on the sustainability of the water resources in the face of this large scale depletion of water resources. In the USA protests against the depletion of water resources for the production bottled water have occurred, like at Nestles Perrier plant at Wisconsin, which led to its relocation to Michigan (Gleick, 2004, p.41). Dish wash drawing or Washing appliance Detergents In the production of dishwashing and washing machine detergents the factors that are important from an environmental perspective are the energy used in the impact of the bleak material extraction, energy consumption, and release of waste products and effluent from manufacturing sites. Raw material extraction issues include the impact of mining for phosphates, silicates, and carbonates, used as builders in detergents, on the environment. Waste effluents from the production of detergents pertain to the ingredients in the detergents. There are more than 30 ingredients in modern detergent , with surfactants, builders, and solvents that can be toxic to the surrounding environment (Risk & Policy Analysts, 2006. p.i). However, it is the function stage of dishwashing or washing machine detergents that is the most critical to environmental degradation. Life cycle assessments on detergents have shown that it is the usage stage that is responsible for approximately 95% of environmental degradation with detergents. This critical factor becomes even more significant, when the increasing number of different dishwashing and washing machine detergents entering the market and increasing consumption is taken

The Law Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Law - Coursework ExampleLaws atomic number 18 there to ensure that both individuals become a part of each other in a legal form and these laws are there to protect the unspoiled of individuals to own a property. Laws are there to ensure that all individuals are free and safe law restricts and deals properly with those individuals who try to violate the rights of others. Hence, the main reason of existence of law is to simpleness and maintain social order. A society where law has no control or there is no existence of law, will be government by certain individuals who have higher authority and those individuals will use their power and harm the interest of the society and will operate against the two basic right of each individuals all individuals are free and equal. Criminal law refers to the legal regulations that the state has created and if these regulations are not accepted and individuals who operate against these regulations, they are recognized as criminals by the cour t of law. Other forms of law are recognized as civil laws, and this kind of law is practiced when two private entities fail to accord with an agreement.The constitution and the policy makers of US has made several efforts to standardize law in all jurisdiction, one effort of calibration has been made in standardization of Common Law. Common law has mainly been standardize to the extent of purchase and sale of assets, property, services and goods, this standardization has taken place as the entire nation has adopted the Uniform Confirmation Code. The policy makers have even tried to standardize tort law by developing new and revising emeritus statements of torts, but not all jurisdictions have accepted the continuous changes in tort law and have rejected several changes. Tort law covers those areas in which one individual or one organization inflicts or tries to inflict harm to other individuals and

Can Islamic Finance Ever Become A Mainstream Product In UK Essay

Can Islamic Finance Ever Become A Mainstream Product In UK - Essay ExampleIntroduction The government issue of the capitalist system that foc enjoyments on the acquisition of individual pays has been long supported as the best economic policy for most countries to follow, because market forces feed to balance out economies in the long run. The banking system in the UK also functions under the capitalist model, wherein acquisition of profits is an integral part of the system and avarice or the unbridled pursuit of wealth has become the popular slogan for individuals and corporations (Ayub,2007, p. 31). The motivation towards profit is the cornerstone of the UK banking system. The recent financial crisis and corporate s freighterdals such as Enron have however, dispelled the deregulation which existed previously and given rise to stricter financial regulation of money markets (Von Hagen and Ho, 2007). Deregulation of the banking system has been blamed for the speculative activitie s of the stock markets and the unrestricted use and issue of credit, which led to the financial crisis (Money morning, 2009). In the current financial environment, the Islamic banking model offers a completely different approach to banking and lending, because it is not based upon the profit motivation that characterizes UK banks. The Islamic banking system is based upon sharia law, wherein the charging of rice beer on loans to gain profit is forbidden and is considered to be contravene the religious tenets of Islam. The question that arises in this context therefore, is Can the Islamic banking system offer a viable financial choice in the U.K.? Since Islamic banks do not charge interest and thereby provide an opportunity for consumers to borrow loans without large additional amounts being charged as interest, would this be a more ethical and equitable tier of banking? The research question that is to be examined in this work is Can Islamic Finance ever become a mainstream product in the U.K.? Banking system in the U.K. In the U.K., the banking system is dominated by four large banking conglomerates, Royal Bank of Scotland, HBOS, Barclays, and HSBC. The financial crisis of 2007 also affected the regulatory system in the UK, producing a tightening up of banking operations (Gola and Roselli, 2009). In March of 2009, the Financial Services Authority in the UK put forward proposals which were geared towards the overhaul of the banking system and its administration rules, especially in regulating lending criteria and clamping down on the unrestricted use of credit, in order to prevent a recurrence of the financial crisis (BBC News, 2009). For more consumers, the high interest rates on bank loans and credit cards are a significant drawback leading to losses, which are especially difficult in the current recessionary environment. The application of Islamic law could therefore potentially lead to the evolution of a balanced, sustainable and equitable economic orde r, because it can help to provide a balance between social and economic principles, as the Islamic system is based upon principles of morality, i.e, Islamic law does not support collection of interest in banking, for example (Ayub, 49). Islamic banking The shariah or Islamic law is the dominant underlying principle in all Islamic financial transactions, because Shariah compliance is the raison detre of the Islamic financial system.(Ayub, 43). Three salient Shariah principles influence the banking industry, i.e, riba, gharar and gambling.This risk sharing model is the

Analyze a Political Cartoon Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Analyze a Political Cartoon - Essay simulationUltimately, the queen of the cartoon cannot be found deep down any single component of its message but rather with the entire combination of symbolism, labeling, and exaggeration that it displays. Finally, the epitome will seek to answer the question of whether or not the portrayal of the cartoon is effective in persuading the viewer and/or audience to think or view a situation in a granted context or manner. The first aspect of the cartoon that grips the viewers attention is the clear(p) use of symbolism and labeling that the cartoonist has employed to denote the Christian, Muslim, and members of the SCAF that are represented. This labeling simplifies the issue and allows the participants within the cartoon to be reduced and simplified to a mere 3 fighting(a) entities. By utilizing the Christian cross, the Muslim crescent and the insignia and uniforms of the SCAF, the reader is made aware of what each participant within the carto on represents and symbolizes. ... This level of purity is further symbolized by the fact that the Christian and Muslim man (representing the broader populations of both of these entities within Egypt) are clothed in white. Naturally, exaggeration is also employed in a massively effective means as the SCAF is denoted to be an insidious and corrupting influence that displays the same generic and shameful behavior under the guise of its constitutionally given power. This exaggeration is the strength behind the entire cartoon. Although the Christian and the Muslim occupy center stage within the confines of this political cartoon, it is the corrupting influence of the SCAF that provides the power behind the image that is typified. Yet, rather than making a blanket statement regarding the ultimate goodness or evil that is exhibited by the SCAH, the cartoon seeks to strike at the core of the problems that are exhibited within Egypt namely a power structure that is able to take advantage of natural and key fault lines that exist within the political spectrum thereby allowing the members of the government and the SCAH to behave in a manner that they would not do otherwise. In short, the increase in division serves the purposes that they strive to put through (Lawate 2). Ultimately, the reader and/or researcher can understand that the given political cartoon is not only effective in communicating an understanding of the present day situation within Egypt and/or the Arab world, it is extraordinarily effective in such a task. Although this is not always the case for a political cartoon, this accompaniment cartoon is one which allows its underlying simplicity and the vocal and omnipresent nature of its participants to speak to its underlying truth. Due to the fact that almost all

Compare and Contrast Dependency Theory and Neoliberalism Essay

Compare and Contrast Dependency Theory and Neoliberalism - Essay ExampleThis reciprocation stresses that the dependency theoryrefers to the model explaining the notion of flow of resources. According to this theory, resources flow from the boundary or the periphery of the undeveloped and poor countries to the center of the economically abiding or the wealthy states enriching the developed countries at the expense of the weak states. Whereas the dependency theory originates from third world countries to explain the fate they suffer in the workforce of the developed countries, Smith lines the neoliberalists as people from the economically stable nations concerned with the modern political economy. Neoliberalism refers to the modern political, the economic theory that favors loose trade. Hays and David describe neoliberalism to favors the privatization of public organization with minimum government intervention in the commercial business. It is seen to advocates for a decrease in p ublic expenditure on social services, On the other hand, is from the third world countries, the dependency theory assumptions are based on these nations. They hold that countries that are more developed should play a disassemble in improvising those countries that lie below in development. Their assumptions, therefore, focus on the capitalist approaches to break the development of these countries. Besides this theory hold a view of underdevelopment quite an as a process as compared is to a stage. For these countries, under development forms a process to reach a full developmental goal or a full potential. Finally, the theorist holds that significant influence to the third world countries is by financial aid and subsidiaries. However, they not that foreign aid is never free rather it has some attached strings. This foreign aid most of the time form a debt trap for the developing countries.

Doing research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Doing - Research Paper ExampleA personal judgement of my skills and knowledge shows that even though I possess some level of competence to get the idea through, there remains a major eyeshot of my study that needs to be improved. This is because the need to go about this research and complete it according to the required objectives demand an interrelated level of skills and knowledge that atomic number 18 tied around a self empowered motivation to get an issue of concern, investigated to the latter. There will therefore be additional skills in social relation, communication skills, as well as data collection and handling skills to ensure that the project is carried out to its logical conclusion. I also need to vamp up my knowledge in marine safety in general and gravy holder yard safety in specific.Without an overall understanding of marine safety and boat yard safety to be specific, working on this research area will be like treating stomach ache by placing a plasterwork on t he tummy. This is because the core or depth of the problem will not be reached. Most times, people working in the marine area score been identified to have their own peculiarities and depths of issues that affect and undermine their safety, security and general wellbeing. It is only when a researcher has an adequate level of knowledge on these that the take up forms of interventions can be identified for them. As part of finding out about boat yard safety, specific aspects of learning such as causes of chance, risk factors, effects of risk, and solutions to marine risks must all be considered.The fender idea of the research shall be changed significantly in this new project. It would be noted that the original idea laid emphasis on employee and employer forum. As far as the original ideas are concerned, there is one major deficiency that may obturate its feasibility. This is the absence of prove of

Organization design ((anthonys pizza) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Organization design ((anthonys pizza) - Essay ExampleIf these workers had some basic training for make simple things in the kitchen, it would go a long way in reducing wastage of time. In turn, customers would not experience enforcement, which is to stand in line for a long time. Over altogether, the time wastage and the high training costs may receive quick resolution.Currently, after the training, the new employees have three trials and then the management may subjectively decide whether to retain the employees or dismiss them. At that point, the pizzeria loses money used to train employee. If the employees after the hiring and training process, were given contracts to sign, which implied the subjective allow go would not exist anymore, Anthonys pizza would save significant cash. In addition, Anthonys pizza may only hire the employees they need all year round, and hire a few casual labourers during the peak period.When Anthonys pizza is making a decision to train an employee, th is does not entail semiformal evaluation. Before employees introduction to the work environment, they ought to undergo meticulous evaluation. This will reduce the probability of placing employees who have undergone inadequate training meant for the working settings. This is because it is in the nature of seriously trained employees to be wasteful. They also have a higher probability of making mistakes, which wastes foods and other products and wastes time. The wastage may be reduced by properly evaluating employees forward placing them in the working environment. In addition, most employees who are let go are always bitter and claim that everything seemed perfect until they were let go. This means that they neer saw it coming. This is especially due to being put in the working environment before proper evaluation. The management should review the performance of the new employees during trials and place them areas that need improvement instead of firing them. This again will

Telecommunications Law and Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Telecommunications Law and Policy - Essay ExampleThis has created issues of KableCom potentially running out of bandwidth available for customers, resulting in outages and delays. KableCom should now introduce the Unlimited Stream Plan. chthonian this Plan, customers entrust be able to choose three streaming cloud apps from a short list of approved sites that have paid KableCom for the opportunity to participate. Customers will be permitted unlimited streaming on the three sites they select without accruing information charges.It is, therefore, necessary for KableCom to implement data caps and migrate from unlimited data plans to data-use pricing sit around, however, many an(prenominal) plans shall still have unlimited talk and texts. With a, Internet as down from 4G to 2G (throttling) are on their download (2 GB per). One data is speed - 4G data are significantly than 3G users through a short interval. One potential solution under consideration by KableCom is allowing content p roviders or app developers to pay carriers so that their services do not count against a customers monthly data limit and essentially buying traffic for their content. However, the Internet is intentional for all content and services to be treated equally. Because this solution would give KableCom an unfair advantage over its clients, at some point it should be viewed as net neutrality issue.Data-use pricing model shall monitor data usage and make sure customers stay under their data cap. The provision different tariffs model enable customer decide whether they need to consider upgrading to a higher plan or if usage is typical. Using the current app store KableCom should provide exonerate apps that gives options for ones total usage for the current period or a help site for to customers see where they using the most data bundles.Other useful tools to be provided free of charge to KableComs customers is third-party apps designed to help them monitor their bandwidth usage. One such app is Onavo Extend it gives one a breakdown of

The artistic relationship between Edgar Degas and Mary Cassatt Essay

The artistic family between Edgar Degas and bloody shame Cassatt - Essay ExampleConversely, Mary Cassatt emphasized on create about social as well as the private lives of women in the society. In her works, Mary Cassatt is particular on the intimate bond manifested between the mother and the child2. The ii artists that is, Edgar Degas and Mary Cassatt had distinct relationships in arts besides their echt relationships. The relationships are attributed by the themes onto which each of them emphasized in their pieces of art. However, the subject has an element of complexity in its conclusion and a critical analysis of the content of the artistic works would perform a fundamental role of exposing the sense of relationship in this scenario. The two artists run aground their works on main issues occurring in the society. It is obvious that the works displayed by the two artists are related in various perspectives1. thitherfore, this research seeks to establish the relationship betwe en Edgar Degas and Mary Cassatt artistic works. Throughout this exercise there will be analysis of four different artistic pieces from the two artists. There will be a selection of two paintings of Edgar Degas and two pieces from Mary Cassatt pieces of art. The first pair of artistic pieces to be analyzed for relationship in this scenario are Ballerina and Lady with a Fan by Edgar Degas and At the Opera by Mary Cassatt. In the Ballerina and Lady with a Fan, Edgar Degas portrays a charr sitting in front in a balcony watching dancers perform. This painting exhibits an exceptional proficiency possessed by the artist. The painting manifests three levels of viewing3. In the first instance, the viewers of the painting find themselves fixed in the position of the actual audience in the theatre. The second level instantly directly concerns the image and there is a woman displayed as one of the audience who is in like manner watching the mathematical operation by the dancers. The third l evel depicts the actual performing dancers in the stage and of whom all the attention is geared. Edgar utilizes different artistic styles in ensuring an effective visualization by the appreciators. There is effective harmonization of the fairylike, food coloring and shadows. All these attributes to the observable quality appreciated in the painting2. There is a distinction between the leader of the dance group who is in a light orange dress and is in front of the other dancers who are in green gowns with red stripes4. In Mary Cassatts, At the Opera the image also dominate a significant portion of the painting. The piece exhibits a woman seated alone in the balcony to observe performance in a theatre. The woman has a long black dress that covers her body properly from the lower part of her neck till the feet. The proper woman also has gloves on her manpower and a black hat. These leaves only the face and few parts of the hands exposed for the public view. The woman has a pair of b inoculars with which she uses to capture the performance explicitly in the hall4. According to the prevailing trends of this period, the paintings have a close relationship ranging from the way they are exposed to the actual meanings depicted by the pieces. The two paintings relate specifically in dominance, meaning and spectatorship. In the first painting and that is Ballerina and Lady with a Fan, we can consider the spectatorship and we can endeavor querying the ikon of the woman and her capacity to regulate or dispute the situation5. The woman seated at the balcony is viewed by other spectators most of which are men. The woman

Quality Management-Toyota Essay Example for Free

type Management-Toyota EssayThis paper explores multiple published articles discussing Toyota labor corporations strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. A review of Toyotas decisions to hide heavy information prior to recalls leads us to a discussion of where Toyota can go from here. The paper includes recommendations for Toyota beat back Company in order to move forward afterwards their 2010 recalls.In addition, organisational changes will assist Toyota force back Company in overcoming their recall problems. QUALITY focussing 3 Quality Management within Toyota Motor Company After a human action of discouraging recalls at Toyota Motor Company in 2010, a figure of speech of quality management techniques were implemented. Toyota Motor Companys SWOT Analysis played into the youngly implemented quality management techniques.Toyotas strengths allowed them to fight back quickly against these recalls that could have ultimately conduct to Toyotas fall from one of t he pull in motor companys. Toyota Motor Companys strengths include dominant dapple in the merchandiseplace, strong crack recognition, strong focus on research and development, and broad merchandise and distribution net naturalize. In addition to Toyotas strengths, their weaknesses were reviewed in order to find opportunities to capitalize upon.The recalls were seemingly a large weakness at Toyota. Opportunities were reviewed which included the growth of the global automotive industry. Last, Toyotas threats were reviewed. Here it was found that powerful rival is a commove for Toyota Motor Company. After the review of Toyota Motor Companys SWOT Analysis, the issue of the recalls was assessed. Analysis shows the issue within Toyota Motor Company did not go forth overnight. However, secretive management styles let the company astray. A diagram was created by functional area to summarize how Toyota has responded to these recall problems.The functional areas reviewed include man agement, performance construct and caoutchouc, quality, and manufacturing. Last, the analysis of Toyota Motor Companys recall and quality management issues are discussed from a point of solving the problem. Recommendations are discussed that will second Toyota Motor Company to turn their weaknesses into strengths. QUALITY MANAGEMENT 4 Method Discussion SWOT Analysis Internal Factors Strengths Weaknesses Product Dominant position in the marketplace Strong brand recognition Strong focus on Research Development Broad production and distribution network. Product recalls have the ability to ostracizely affect brand image Declining sales in crucial geographic areas External Factors Opportunities Threats Competition Growth of the global automotive industry Potential well-being from partnering with BMW The outlook for the new global car market is strong Powerful competition Appreciation of the Japanese Yen Environmental regulations Natural disasters Strengths. Toyota has a number of internal product strengths as noted in the SWOT Analysis table above. Toyotas market partake in 2011 was 16. 5 percent, its highest market share in 4 grades.This strong market share allowed Toyota to hold a competitive advantage against their competition. In addition to holding a dominant position in the marketplace, Toyota possesses strong brand recognition through a number of brands. These brands include Toyota, Lexus, Prius, Corolla, Yaris, Camry, Sequoia, 4Runner, Scion tC, Highlander, Land Cruiser, and a number of other brand names. These brands are some of the most desired premium brands in the world according to the Company Profile report for Toyota Motor Company documented by MarketLine. QUALITY MANAGEMENT 5 Another strength of Toyota is their strong attention to research and development.According to the Company Profile report, Toyotas focus on research and development is pointed towards the creative activity of new and improved products. Research and developme nt operations are conducted at 14 facilities located around the world. This strength has allowed Toyota to increase the technology included in pull rounding products. One of these products, a Pre-collision System (PCS) helps drivers avoid collisions. Overall, the strong focus on research and development has been a big strength for Toyota. Last, Toyotas production and distribution network has been a big strength for the company.Toyota produces automobiles, related parts, and other components through more than 50 manufacturing companies throughout 27 countries and regions, not including Japan. As mentioned on the Toyota Motor Company website, major locations include Japan, the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, France, Turkey, Thailand, China, Taiwan, India, Indonesia, South Africa, Australia, Argentina, and Brazil. As account by Toyota Motor Company, during fiscal year 2013 the company had consolidate vehicle sales totals of 8. 871 million units (TCM, 2013). As report by Toyota Motor Company, this was an increase of 1.519 million units compared to the old fiscal year. In addition to the widespread production of Toyota products, the company has a large distribution network. Toyotas distribution network is one of the largest in Japan encompassing four sales channels (Toyota, Toyopet, Corolla, and Netz). In 2012 the distribution network of these channels was comprised of 283 dealers. In addition to this network, Toyota operates over 170 Lexus sales channels in Japan. QUALITY MANAGEMENT 6 As reported by Toyota Motor Company, in fiscal year 2013 these networks accounted for the following vehicle sales JAPAN SALES TOTALED 2.279 one thousand million UNITS IN NORTH the States VEHICLE SALES TOTALED 2. 469 MILLION UNITS IN EUROPE VEHICLE SALES TOTALED 799,085 UNITS ASIA CAME IN AT TOTAL VEHICLE SALES OF 1. 684 MILLION UNITS CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICA, OCEANIA AND AFRICA CAME IN AT 1. 640 MILLION UNITS As you can see, Toyotas distribution network is widesprea d allowing for diversification and a wide go past of clientele, ultimately boosting revenues and sales. Weaknesses. A large focus of the case study focuses on the weakness of Toyotas product recalls. As many are aware, Toyota has resonateed a number of recalls in the new-made past.It is a concern that these recalls could negatively affect Toyotas brand imagine ultimately leading to decreased sales for the company. When searching for Toyota recalls it was flabby to find a few recent recalls. The most recent is a recall of 700,000 Toyota Prius models which were recalled over electronic issues in the United States (csmonitor. com, 2014). Another very recent recall includes certain versions of the Lexus RX crossover. In this case, more than 261,000 vehicles are being recalled due to a brake issue (csmonitor. com, 2014). In addition to the many recalls, Toyota has been involved in a number of lawsuits.In declination 2012, Toyota settled a suit by paying $17. 4 million to the Nationa l Highway Traffic sanctuary Administration to settle claims related to the June 2012 recall of potential accelerator pedal entrapment issues. This bad press will ultimately result in a negative effect on consumers confidence in Toyotas brand. In addition, the settlement of suits ultimately decreases Toyotas QUALITY MANAGEMENT 7 profits. As a result of this bad press Toyota saw a decline in 2012 sales in important geographic areas. Declining sales in fiscal year 2012 were seen across North America, Asia, and Europe. Opportunities.As reported by the article, Global automotive industry to experience modest growth in 2012, a number of opportunities exist in the global automotive industry (2012). The Japanese auto industry responded from natural disasters which had caused reduced inventories and production. It is forecasted that the industry will continue to grow increasing Toyota revenues. In June of 2012, BMW and Toyota signed a long-term partnership. The two companies are partnering on the developments that will help to increase market share and sales.This relationship is expected to increase technology between the two companies as well as result in new product development. In addition to these opportunities, the new car market is experiencing guard growth which will assist in increased sales and profits. Threats. Intense competition in the worldwide car market has become very competitive. This competition will likely increase in the upcoming years as competitors add more technology and increase developments. In addition to the intense competition, the appreciating Japanese Yen has become a big concern for Toyota.Last, environment regulations have the potential to increase production costs. Emissions regulations that are updated periodically could cause issues in new car production. Evolvement of Quality Management Issues At first glance, it seems that Toyotas gas pedal issue appeared overnight. However, upon further research, evidence was found to prove the o pposite.As reported in the article Secretive Culture Let Toyota Astray, evidence that Toyota cars could suddenly speed up had been piling up for years (2010). At the time of the recalls, Toyota had know about this gas QUALITY MANAGEMENT 8 pedal problem for more than a year. The problem was stated to be Toyotas secretive unified culture in Japan which ultimately conflicted with United States requirements that auto makers disclose safety threats.New initiatives brought to the table by Toyota have attempted to correct the previous secretive culture of Toyota. Total quality management initiatives have been put in place to assist in better customer service and safety and repair issues. According to Jacobs and Chase, total quality management can be defined as managing the entire organization so that it excels on all dimensions of products and work that are important to the customer (Chase and Jacobs, 2014, p. 296). The table following this discussion addresses the steps Toyota has taken in response to its recent quality recall problems.Functional theater Quality Management Steps Management Managing Director names to oversee any safety-related issues Top down management approach Product normal Safety Troubleshooting teams known as Swift Market Analysis Response Teams work to find any safety issues that need to be reported Quality TAQIC Toyota Advanced Quality Information Center staffed by a mathematical group of employees who compile repair reports from dealerships worldwide 1000 engineers hired to spot-check quality Manufacturing No drastic changes to assembly lines QUALITY MANAGEMENT 9 Results/Discussion Problem Solution As discussed in the diagram above, there were many opportunities for Toyota after their encounter with the recall situation.Akio Toyoda, the head of the company, acted quickly by implementing a top down management approach instead of the more popular Japanese bottom up approach that slows down the decision making. In addition, Akio cut board of directors by fifty percent and cut out management layers. Akio also began meeting with his top five advisers on a weekly basis. In these meetings decisions were made quickly. Akio pushed his team to make always better cars. This change in the way the organization is managed helped Toyota to impediment on top even through the recalls. Recommendations Many recommendations have been made to assist Toyota Motor Company in improving the recall situation they encountered in 2011. Some recommendations Toyota should follow include as recommended by the North American Quality Advisory Panel include the following GIVE NORTH American OPERATIONS much INDEPENDENCE IN MAKING RECALL DECISIONS capabilityEN QUALITY CONTROL PROCESSES EXTEND DEVELOPMENT TIME OF NEW PRODUCTS TO INCLUDE MORE SAFETY TESTS CREATE A ROLE OF CHIEF SAFETY TECHNOLOGY OFFICER.CREATE AND LAUNCH A SAFETY RESEARCH CENTER FOCUSED ON PROTECTING THE MOST IMPORTANT clientele (children, teens, and seniors) QUALITY MANAGEM ENT 10 These ideas follow the concept of total quality management which focuses on two inherent goals CAREFUL DESIGN OF THE PRODUCT (IN THE CASE OF TOYOTA MOTOR COMPANY, THE VEHICLE) ENSURE THAT TOYOTA MOTOR COMPANY SYSTEMS CAN PRODUCE THIS DESIGN IN A CONSISTENT means Quality at the source seems to be a great way for Toyota Motor Company to proceed.Quality at the source means that the person who is doing the work is taking the responsibility for making sure the work meets specifications. As previously discussed, safety control will be a huge initiative for Toyota Motor Company going forward. If implemented, these recommendations can do a lot to help Toyota Motor Company increase their organizational effectiveness.As previously discussed, many organizational steps were taken by Akio Toyoda after these recalls. It seems that Toyota could greatly benefit from organizational acquirement. As stated by Operations and Supply Chain Management, it has been argued that organizational lear ning is critical to sustaining a competitive advantage (Chase and Jacobs, 2014, p. 138).Organizational realignment was important to Toyota Motor Company after the 2010 and 2011 recalls. According to a Toyota news release in December of 2008 organizational changes include the establishment of the below QUALITY MANAGEMENT 11 A GOVERNMENT AND PUBLIC AFFAIRS GROUP WHICH WAS FOCUSED ON lovesome RESPONSE TO inquiries from around the world while also unifying public affairs functions.AN ACCOUNTING GROUP AIMED AT STRENGTHENING THE BUSINESS MANAGEMENT AND fiscal management system of Toyota Motor Company. A EUROPE AND AFRICA OPERATIONS GROUP INTENDED TO ASSIST WITH BUSINESS PLANNING IN African and Central Asia.The group was also established to conduct business promotion events in both Europe and Africa. A PRODUCTION ENGINEERING GROUP AIMED AT INCREASING THE STRENGTH OF THE QUALITY control system for semiconductors for hybrid vehicles. The recommendations made are important to Toyotas future. Reorganization and creation of new groups within the organization will help Toyota to overcome these recalls. QUALITY MANAGEMENT 12 References Ingram, A. (2014, Feb 12). Toyota recall 1. 9 million Prius vehicles recalled to fix software glitch. Retrieved from http//www. csmonitor. com/Business/In-Gear/2014/0212/Toyota-recall-1. 9-million-Prius-vehicles-recalled-to-fix-software-glitch Jacobs, F. R. , Chase, R. (2014). Operations and supply chain management. (14 ed. ). New York, NY McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Lassa, T. (Feb, 2012). U. s. market share for the top five automakers.Retrieved from http//www. motortrend. com/features/auto_news/2011/1202_u_s_markets_share_for_the_ top_five_automakers/ Linebaugh, K. , Searcey , D. , Shirouzu, N. (Feb, 2010 08). Secretive culture led toyota astray. Retrieved from http//online. wsj. com/news/articles/SB10001424052748704820904575055733096312238 ? mod=WSJ_hpp_LEADNewsCollectionmg=reno64-wsjurl=http//online. wsj. com/artic le/SB10001424052748704820904575 055733096312238. html? mod=WSJ_hpp_LEADNewsCollection Marketline. (2013, Jan). Toyota motor corporation swot analysis.Retrieved from http//web. a. ebscohost. com. library3. webster. edu/ehost/ breaker point? vid=4emailprotectedhid=4212bdat a=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ== Ridley , G. (2012, Jan 06). Global automotive industry to experience modest growth in 2012. Retrieved from QUALITY MANAGEMENT 13 http//www. ey. com/GL/en/Newsroom/News-releases/Global-automotive-industry-to-exp erience-modest-growth-in-2012 Taylor, A. (2012, Feb 27). Toyotas comeback kid.Fortune, 165(3), 72-79. Retrieved from http//web. b. ebscohost. com. library3. webster. edu/ehost/detail? emailprotectedvid=1hid=126bdata= JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ TMC. (2013, may 08). TMC announces year-end financial results for fiscal year ended march 31, 2013. Retrieved from http//www2. toyota. co. jp/en/news/13/05/0508_1. html Voss, M. (2011, May 23). Toyota receives recommendations from north american quality consultive panel. Retri eved from http//corporatenews. pressroom. toyota. com/releases/toyota receives recommendations north american quality advisory panel. htm.

Anti-Cancer Drug Screening in Vitro Essay Example for Free

Anti-Cancer Drug Screening in Vitro EssayIntroductionThe incidences of nominatecer remain high despite advances in our understanding of give noticecer. Cancer is a class of diseases characterized by out of control carrel g course of instructionth. Normal kiosks ar constantly subject to signals that control whether the stall should divide, signalize into another cadre or die. Cancer cells develop a degree of in enumerateence from these signals, which results in uncontrolled growth and proliferation. If this proliferation is allowed to continue and spread, it can be black-market (1). Almost 90% of cancer-related deaths are due to metastasis the complex process of tumor spread through the lymphatic system or bloodstream. The emergence of genomic technologies holds therapeutic say-so for personalized cancer management. Personalized cancer management combines standard chemotherapy and radiation treatments with genomic profiling and in vitro cell proliferation studies. Indi vidualized genomic profiling allows the researcher to range particular(prenominal) genes that contribute to unregulated cellular mechanisms that normally control cellular growth.By determining the molecular profile of a specific cancer, suitable treatment can be considered that target those gene products (2). Cultured cancer cells kick in the capacity to dramatically exceed normal doubling times to almost indefinite levels, contradictory normal cells. HeLa cells are a great example of this. wholeness of the most widely used continuous cell lines in research is the HeLa cell line, which was derived in 1951 from Henrietta Lacks, a cervical caner patient in 1951. These cells continue to grow and prolife ordinate in hundreds of laboratories across the world to this day. These cancer cells obtain been called Immortal as they have bypassed the senescence regulators within the cell and acquired the capacity for unlimited division. Measurement of cell viability and proliferation forms the basis for numerous in vitro assays of a cell populations resolution to external factors. The reduction of tetrazolium salts is now widely accepted as a reliable way to examine cell proliferation.MTT viability assays is based on the ability of a mitochondrial dehydrogenase enzyme from operable cells to cleave the tetrazolium rings of the pale yellow MTT and form a dark mordant formazan crystals, which is largely impermeable to cell membranes, thus resulting in its assemblage within healthy cells. The resultingintracellular purple formazan can be solubilized and quantified by a spectrometer and is then subject to examination to evaluate cell viability. These measurements can be used to evaluate the loadiveness of certain treatments to cells. These anti-cancer medicines in vitro allows drugs to be tested against live cells which helps determine drug effectiveness and side effects.Cell proliferation, besides known as cell growth, cell division, or cell replication is the ba sic process through which cells form new cell. Cell proliferation is the increase in cell number as a result of cell division and growth. The quantification of cellular growth, including proliferation and viability, has become an essential tool in any laboratory working(a) on cell-based studies. These techniques enable the optimization of cell culture conditions, and the determination of growth factor and cytokine activity.Even more importantly, the efficiency of therapeutic divisors in drug screening, the cytostatic latent of anticancer compounds in toxicology testing, and cell-mediated toxicity can be assessed when quantifying cell growth (3). This practical is designed to evaluate the sensitivity and response of putative anti-cancer drugs employ a modified anti-proliferative drug assay. Using a modified MTT drug assay, the sensitivity and response of anti-cancer drugs can be determined. In this blind run, three unlabeled drugs are tested to discover their properties. The tri al of these drugs was carried as a blind trial to insure that the results obtained with unbiased.ResultsIn this practical, we were given three drugs. One of the drugs had no known anti-cancer properties ace was a known chemotherapeutic agent and the third was a closed book drug with putative anti-cancer properties. The HeLa cells were also treated with a no-drug, medium-only control. The objective of the study was to identify the nature of the unlabeled drugs. The identities of these three drugs were unknown in order to make the experiment a blind trial. Doing the study as a blind trial allowed any bias data to be avoided in data interpretation (2).CalculationsFrom the raw data obtained column 0 acts as the control, this column contains the HeLa cells but no drug, and is used to see if the unknown drugs A,B andC have an effect on the viability of HeLa cells. The last row on the 96 well plates contained no HeLa cells and acted as a reference to observe whether column 0 contained li ving cells. When the absorbance value for column 0 was similar to the no cell value, that data set would be ignored, as this would indicate no cells were present in column 0 which would have been invalid as column 0 contained medium only. This method was applied when choosing distinguish data sets for data interpretation.DiscussionIn this study we were given three drugs. One of the drugs had no known anti-cancer properties, one had a known chemotherapeutic agent and the third was a mystery drug with putative anti-cancer properties. The objective of this blind trial study was to identify the nature of these unlabeled drugs.By observing the overall averages from the results (Table 1 Figure 1) we can close down that drug A had the highest constituent cell viability out of the three drugs. The percentage value of A is similar to the percentage value of the control (0). The control consisted of a medium-only solution and not meant to effect the cell viability of HeLa cells at all, t his implies that Drug A has no anti-cancer properties and has little effect on the HeLa cells viability. From this data we can conclude that Drug A was the drug with no known anti-cancer properties (negative control). By observing the percentage cell viability of drug B, we can conclude that drug B had the smallest cell viability value that was close to 0%.Small percentage viability indicates that in that respect is a reduction in cell proliferation occurring in the HeLa cell line, however 0% cell viability would indicate that there are no viable cells in the well, meaning there was a complete reduction in cell proliferation. Lack of cell proliferation means an absence of mitochondrial succinic dehydrogenase activity to metabolize MTT into its results purple formazan, producing a lower absorbance value (4). From this we can conclude that drug B has anti-cancer properties as it had a large negative effect on HeLa cell viability. By observing drug C, we can determine that drug C als o has a relatively low percentage cell viability value. This would indicate that drug C, like drug B, has a negative effect on cell viability, meaning it causes a reduction in cell proliferation in HeLa cells.From this we can conclude that Drug C also had anti-cancer properties as it had a negative effect on HeLa cell viability. At this point, two drugs have yet to be identified, Drug B and Drug C. Both Drug B and Drug C have anti-cancer properties, shown by their low cell viabilities values. A autocratic control will be a drug that will give a large cell viability percentage. From this, we would conclude that Drug B was the positive control with a chemotherapeutic agent leaving Drug C to be the mystery drug. provided we cannot accept this without actually knowing what the mystery drugs anti-cancer properties are. The mystery drug could have stronger anti-cancer properties than the positive control. In this scenario, Drug B would be the mystery drug as it observed the lowest cell viability, making it the most effective against cancer cells. For this reason, we cannot accurately identify drugs B and C without more information about the mystery drug.However if we accept that the mystery drug has a smallereffect on cancer cells than the positive control, we would then conclude that Drug B is the positive control and Drug C is the mystery drug. If we observe the overall data used to calculate the average cell viability percentages for each drug, we can see there are values higher than 100% and values lower than 0% (negative values). Values higher than 100% would indicate that there are more viable cells present in drug A compared to our control. Since we know drug A has no effect on the cancer cells, we would expect the cell viability of drug A to be similar to the control. These anomalies could be due to cell proliferation in the drug A column, meaning the HeLa cells grew and divided to create new cells, meaning the number of cells in column A increased, result ing in a higher absorbance value, due to the increase in MTT reduction. A higher absorbance value in the no cell row compared to the drug B column results in a negative value.Absorbance values that are lower than the control cells indicate a reduction in the rate of cell proliferation. Conversely a higher absorbance rate indicates an increase in cell proliferation. Values lower than 0% would indicate that there are few cells present in the drug B wells compared to the no cell wells. This could be due to human error where cells where accidently transferred due to poor lab technique, or been caused by a high absorbency of the buffer used in the no cell row. In this study, the reduction of the MMT is used to estimate cell viability and proliferation. However youthful studies have shown that superoxide can also reduce tetrazolium salts, such as MTT. Therefore studies investigating the cytological effect of HeLa cells may encounter misleading results when using MTT to measure viability proliferation. This is because MTT assays may yield inaccurate results due to the increase in superoxide formation in cultured HeLa cells (7).This kind of limitation may have played apart in this study and could have caused our abnormal values discussed in the paragraph above. To overcome this limitation, we could use different techniques to measure cell viability. One way of assessing cytotoxicity is by cell integrity. Compounds that have cytotoxic effects, such as the drugs we are investigating, often compromise cell membrane integrity. An example of this method is a Tryphan Blue exclusion test (10). This exclusion test can be used to determine the number of viable cells present in a cell suspension. It is based on the principle that viable cells have intact cell membranes that are impermeable to dyes,such a trypan blue, whereas dead cells do not. In this test, a cell suspension is mixed with the tryphan blue dye and then visually examined to determine whether cells take up or ex clude the dye (11). A viable cell will have a clear cytoplasm whereas a dead cell will have a blue cytoplasm.Tryphan blue is not affected by superoxide formation so will yield more accurate results than the MTT assay. The problems that arise from dye exclusion tests is that they are operator depend and are subject to human error. Another way of assessing cell viability via membrane integrity is by using fluorescent DNA binding dyes such as SYBR Green I (10). SYBR Green I is a fluorescent dye used as a nucleic acid dye. SYBR Green I binds to DNA and the resulting DNA-dye-complex absorbs blue light and emits green light (9). This is based on the principle that an increase in cell proliferation will cause an increase of DNA in the cell suspension. More SYBR Green 1 will bind to the DNA and more green light will be observed under blue light.