Treatment and Interventions for Osteoarthritis

Treatment and Interventions for OsteoarthritisINTRODUCTIONOsteoarthritis is very common among the mature get on with people. It is too termed as wear and tear arthritis as it occurs when the overprotective cartilage, surrounding the bones, wears and tears down. In the present case study, an old woman, 87 years of age, is admitted into the hospital as she was found near her bed. Although she was lucid and conscious, she was unable(predicate) to walk on her own. This field studies intensively the case of Mrs. Mabel and outlines the problems set about by patients homogeneous her, who eat had past history of degenerative joint disease. The report also identifies the potency word elections and the interventions obligatory in such cases.ASSESSMENTThe two sanctioned nursing valuement tools for assessing the health condition of Mrs. Mabel argon the Brief suffer Inventory (BPI) and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). In the former, an intensive summary of pain including i ts location, history and interference with activities (Seyed K. Malakouti et al. 2006). The pain is recorded on a scale of 10, with 0 representing no pain and 10 representing pain as bad as you can imagine. The latter tool was designed to assess the depression score in the older patients. Score 11 or greater than 11indicates barren depression. This tool has screening efficiency as it relies on affective rather than the physical symptoms (Tito Mendoza 2006).CLIENTs HEALTH PROBLEMS perusing the case of Mrs. Mabel, it is evident that the three health problems related to her argon the kindling, severe joint pain and cold and cough. Inflammation occurs when the chemicals from the body be released to the web site of infection or injury. Mrs. Mabel was found to have excitation in her raze leg i.e. swelling and pertinacious pain, possibly imputable to leakage of unsound into the tissues. Since cold and cough is generally a symptom in every(prenominal) old patient, in case of Mrs. M abel it is all-important(a) to treat the joint inflammation setoff, followed by the pain and eventually the medications for divvy uping cough and cold. The pain in osteoarthritis is generally caused when the wear and tear of the cartilage, that surrounds the joint, is to a great extent, such that the ligaments and the tendons are completely stretched out, causing pain. The cartilage acts as a shock absorber and also reduces friction in the joints. Lastly, since we know that Mrs. Mabel had been a smoker in the past, the chances of torment from cold and cough are pretty high. It is in that respectfore necessary to hatch the inflammation first, so that the pain in that area is comparatively rock-bottom and then give pharmacological or non pharmacological assistance in trim back the pain in separate joints as well. To ensure invulnerable and quality care of Mrs. Mabel, these problems should be leaded in accordance with their priorities. The age factor of Mrs. Mabel should al so be directn into consideration as many a(prenominal) treatment options, even most of the medications, will prove to be foul for her age. She should be abandoned the support to move on and also be encouraged to accede in daily activities.GOALSThe major goals of osteoarthritis treatment include alleviation of pain and restoring the normal functioning of the person. Since Mrs.Mabel has a in effect(p) pain issue such that she complains about it frequently and it is hampering her normal being, it is important to address and treat her pain and reduce her discomfort. Another goal should be to restore her normal functioning. As we know that the right leg of Mrs. Mabel is comparatively shorter than the left leg, she faces problem in moving around and needs a constant support to assist her mobility. Therefore, it is important to address the inflammation in her lower leg and prevent its reoccurrence. To address these goals, the patient generally receives two pharmacological and non pharmacological treatment, the former comprising of drugs and NSAIDs, while the latter comprising of therapies and the physical exercises. surgical interventions have also suggested that if the joints are severely damaged, then the only option available for treatment is the partial or complete replacement of the joint.INTERVENTIONSThe first and the foremost goal is to unbosom pain and that can be negotiate by psychological intervention techniques like providing education through conglomerate programs, coping skills training (CST) and cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). These techniques swear out in enhancing ego efficacy, facilitate in managing stress, reduce back uplessness and catastrophizing. Most patients have well-fixed access to the basic medical care but the psychological aspects are generally neglected. The most commonly used educational intervention is the federation based Arthritis Self Management Program, which targets the self efficacy skills and helps in cha rge of arthritis symptoms (Catherine Backman 2006). On the other hand, CBT and CST approaches include cognitive and behavioral exercises like control imagery or relaxation, changing activity patterns, etc. These exercises help in active coping and alleviation of pain in the osteoarthritis patients.The guerrilla goal is t restore the normal functioning of the joints and this can be achieved by rehabilitation program that helps in motion of the knee and thereby reduces pain also. The patient is advised to do fixing exercises including heel bear exercises, prone hang exercises and also the towel extension stretches. These exercises help in knee extension which is opposite and equal to the normal knee. If the patients do not receive any help from this exercise administration then a hyperextension device (Elite Seat, manufactured by the kneebourne Therapeutic) can be used along with other devices that are used for extension purposes (K. Donald Shelbourne 2007). The rehabilitation pr ogram also aims in educating the patients about their daily habits and they should change them in order to relieve tension on the knee and relax. Certain aerobic exercises like bike, stair stepping machine or elliptical machines are also the part of the program. The patients are also encouraged to maintain complete motion so that the non pharmacological approach departs relief that is permanent as compared to the relief obtained via pharmacological drugs and other analgesics (K. Donald Shelbourn 2007).DISCHARGEThere are various problems faced by the antiquated patients post oust after getting the treatment for osteoarthritis done. want in case of Mrs. Mabel, even after getting the surgery for arthritis done, she alleviate complains of persistent pain in her legs. Post discharge issues generally include comorbid physical health problems, depression, and limitation in the functional capacity and outlaw(a) dietary regulation (T. James 2005). Among all the patients of osteoarthri tis, majority of them report persistent pain, even after the surgery. Another issue is the tight check on the weight because osteoarthritis can be severely influenced by fleshiness and can prove fatal. Next problem or issue faced by the patients post discharge is the intake of medications on a regular basis. Post discharge medications like Acetaminophen and NSAIDs are generally given to the patients. The former is used to reduce pain if taken in overconfident dose and the latter helps in providing relief from swelling and the pain due to it. Apart from the medications, the doctors generally advise regular physiotherapy exercises that will help in keeping the join in motion and gradually provide the necessary extension to the joints such that the normal functioning is restored. Therefore there are many issues governing the discharge from the hospital. In order to address these issues it important to discuss the problems with the health care specialist first. Older people find it ve ry difficult to cope with the pain and the reduced mobility. They have to keep themselves dependent on various analgesics and the anti inflammatory medicines that help in relieving pain and providing the necessary comfort. In case of Mrs. Mabel she was detected with an inflammation on her lower leg. Likewise, post discharge, there is high risk of inflammation, melodic line clots and swelling. Even after being treated, the patient may encounter situations of helplessness and depression, which may arise as a result of incapability to participate in the routine or daily activities and thereby developing high levels of anxiety. In order to avoid or prevent these issues, the family must take the responsibility of their older loved ones, once they are discharged. Their support, care and day-and-night monitoring will enable the patients to cope with the prevailing situation and help in quick recovery.CONCLUSIONThis report gives a detailed translation about the symptoms, causes and the c rises faced by Mrs. Mabel. It outlines the major interventions and strategies that will her cope with her situation. Techniques like education through various programs, coping skills training (CST) and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), work on the psychological aspect of the patient. Along with these the rehabilitation regime also aids in helping the patient by reducing pain and swelling. The major goals of the patient care have also been sketch in this report like the goals of alleviating the pain and restoring the normal functioning of the joints. To summarize, this report is important as it throws light on the condition of the patient and the necessary plan of action that is adopted for the care. It also draws attention towards the post discharge problems, that the patient will face and lists out the strategies that can help and address those issues.