Understanding Quantum Optics

Quantum optics is a field of quantum physics that deals specifically with the interaction of photons with matter. The study of individual photons is crucial to understanding the behavior of electromagnetic waves as a whole. To clarify exactly what this means, the word quantum refers to the smallest amount of any physical entity that can interact with another entity. Quantum physics, therefore, deals with the smallest particles; these are incredibly tiny sub-atomic particles which behave in unique ways. The word optics, in physics, refers to the study of light. Photons are the smallest particles of light (though it is important to know that photons can behave as both particles and waves). Development of Quantum Optics and the Photon Theory of Light The theory that light moved in discrete bundles (i.e. photons) was presented in Max Plancks 1900 paper on the ultraviolet catastrophe in black body radiation. In 1905, Einstein expanded on these principles in his explanation of the photoelectric effect to define the photon theory of light. Quantum physics developed through the first half of the twentieth century largely through work on our understanding of how photons and matter interact and inter-relate. This was viewed, however, as a study of the matter involved more than the light involved. In 1953, the maser was developed (which emitted coherent microwaves) and in 1960 the laser (which emitted coherent light). As the property of the light involved in these devices became more important, quantum optics began being used as the term for this specialized field of study. Findings Quantum optics (and quantum physics as a whole) views electromagnetic radiation as traveling in the form of both a wave and a particle at the same time. This phenomenon is called wave-particle duality. The most common explanation of how this works is that the photons move in a stream of particles, but the overall behavior of those particles is determined by a quantum wave function that determines the probability of the particles being in a given location at a given time. Taking findings from quantum electrodynamics (QED), it is also possible to interpret quantum optics in the form of the creation and annihilation of photons, described by field operators. This approach allows the use of certain statistical approaches that are useful in analyzing the behavior of light, although whether it represents what is physically taking place is a matter of some debate (although most people view it as just a useful mathematical model). Applications Lasers (and masers) are the most obvious application of quantum optics. Light emitted from these devices is in a coherent state, which means the light closely resembles a classical sinusoidal wave. In this coherent state, the quantum mechanical wave function (and thus the quantum mechanical uncertainty) is distributed equally. The light emitted from a laser is, therefore, highly ordered, and generally limited to essentially the same energy state (and thus the same frequency wavelength).

Learn More About the Science of Geology

What is geology? It is the study of the Earth, its substances, shapes, processes, and history. There are several different components that geologists study with regard to this fascinating field. Minerals Minerals are natural, inorganic solids with a consistent composition. Each mineral also has a unique arrangement of atoms, expressed in its crystal form (or habit) and its hardness, fracture, color, and other properties. Organic natural substances, like petroleum or amber, are not called minerals. Minerals of exceptional beauty and durability are called gemstones (as are a few rocks). Other minerals are sources of metals,  chemicals  and fertilizers. Petroleum is a source of energy and chemical feedstocks. All of these are described as mineral resources. Rocks Rocks are solid mixtures of at least one mineral. While minerals have crystals and chemical formulas, rocks instead have textures and mineral compositions. On that basis, rocks are divided into three classes reflecting three environments: igneous rocks come from a hot melt, sedimentary rocks from accumulation and burial of sediment, metamorphic rocks from altering other rocks by heat and pressure. This classification points to an active Earth that circulates matter through the three rock classes, on the surface and underground, in what is called the rock cycle. Rocks are important as ores—economic sources of useful minerals. Coal is a rock that is a source of energy. Other rock types are useful as building stone, crushed stone and raw material for concrete. Still others serve for toolmaking, from the stone knives of our prehuman ancestors to the chalk used by artists today. All of these, too, are considered mineral resources. Fossils Fossils are signs of living things that are found in many sedimentary rocks. They may be impressions of an organism, casts in which minerals have replaced its body parts, or even remnants of its actual substance Fossils also include tracks, burrows, nests, and other indirect signs. Fossils and their sedimentary environments are vivid clues about the former Earth and what living there was like. Geologists have compiled a fossil record of ancient life stretching hundreds of millions of years into the past. Fossils have practical value because they change throughout the rock column. The exact mix of fossils serves to identify and correlate rock units in widely separated places, even in the grit pumped up from  drill holes. The geologic time scale is based almost entirely on fossils supplemented with other dating methods. With  it,  we can confidently compare sedimentary rocks from everywhere in the world. Fossils are also resources, valuable as museum attractions and as collectibles, and their commerce is increasingly regulated. Landforms, Structures and Maps Landforms in all their variety are products of the rock cycle, built of rocks and sediment. They were shaped by erosion and other processes. Landforms give testimony of the environments that built and altered them in the geologic past, such as ice ages. From mountains and water bodies to caves to the sculpted features of the beach and seafloor, landforms are clues into the Earth beneath them. Structure is an important part of studying rock outcrops. Most parts of the Earths crust are warped, bent and buckled to some extent. The geologic signs of this -- jointing, folding, faulting, rock textures, and unconformities -- help in assessing structure, as do measurements of the slopes and orientation of rock beds. Structure in the subsurface is important for water supply. Geologic maps are an efficient database of geologic information on rocks, landforms and structure.   Geologic Processes and Hazards Geologic processes drive the rock cycle to create landforms, structures and fossils. They include erosion, deposition, fossilization, faulting, uplift, metamorphism, and volcanism. Geologic hazards are powerful expressions of geologic processes. Landslides, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunamis, climate change, flooding and cosmic impacts are extreme examples of ordinary things. Understanding the underlying geologic processes is a key part of mitigating geologic hazards.   Tectonics and Earth History Tectonics is geologic activity on the largest scale. As geologists mapped the worlds rocks, untangled the fossil record and studied geologic features and processes, they began to raise and answer questions about tectonics -- the life cycle of mountain ranges and volcanic chains, motions of continents, the rise and fall of the ocean, and how the mantle and core operate. Plate-tectonic theory, which explains tectonics as the motions in Earths outer broken skin, has revolutionized geology, enabling us to study everything on Earth in a unified framework. Earth history is the story that minerals, rocks, fossils, landforms, and tectonics tell. Fossil studies, in combination with gene-based techniques, yield a consistent evolutionary history of life on Earth. The Phanerozoic Eon (age of fossils) of the last 550 million years is well mapped as a time of expanding life punctuated by mass extinctions. The previous four billion years, the Precambrian time, is being revealed as an age of enormous changes in the atmosphere, oceans and continents. Geology Is Civilization Geology is interesting as a pure science, but Professor Jim Hawkins at Scripps Institution of Oceanography tells his classes something even better: Rocks are money! What he means is that civilization rests on rocks: Society relies on a good supply of Earth products.For every structure we build, we need to know about the ground it sits on.Our food and fiber come from soil, a thin biogeochemical layer of incredible complexity.Protection against geologic hazards depends on our understanding of them.

Drug Abuse and the FDA Essay - 793 Words

Drug abuse is generally defined as the use of a drug with such frequency that the user has physical or mental harm or it impairs social abilities. Drugs are used as pain killers to avert physical and/or emotional pain by providing the user with a temporary escape from life’s realities. Even though, they cause different, more serious problems with only a short escape from life’s agonies. There are five different classifications (schedules) of drugs in the Controlled Substance Act of 1970. The FDA (Food and Drug Administration) and the DEA (Drug Enforcement Administration) choose what substance falls into what classification. The placement of a drug on the Controlled Substances List is based on three categories: (1) potential†¦show more content†¦Last of the behavioral and attitude changes, drug users become furtive and secretive in everything they do by locking their doors or always trying to keep something hidden in their phone or notebook. Their overall behavior should change. Some physical changes in a person who uses drugs can be very unproblematic and painless. The more hardcore drugs, such as heroin and marijuana, will make it harder for them to answer simple, uncomplicated questions. They will go off on tangents and cannot remember what they were talking about before very easily, and it’ll happen quite frequently. Their eyes will convert to being bloodshot, and their speech will become indistinct and incoherent. They’ll have an unusual smell on their clothing or breath. Also, the way they dress might change into something that looks more like they do not care about life or the way they look. As a result of some of the drug users’ scarcity of money, they go out and sell illicit drugs, or they will do anything for money to buy more drugs, such as robbery or prostitution. The illegal money they are making is not flowing back into the government and resulting in less tax money to build better schools and educational facilities. Also, children see these people and what they are doing, and the children find it okay to be like them. Which puts the economy in an even worse position, than if it was just the drug abusers. The cost of the substance abuse fallsShow MoreRelatedThe Utilization Of Prescription Drug1332 Words   |  6 Pagesprescription drug has increased in recent times. The availability of these medications has resulted in the treatment of numerous infections and ailments. These drugs alleviate chronic pain, depression and anxiety, sleep apnea, and much more. For an efficient health system, the main goal is to provide quality health care to all patients. H owever, over the years, there have been many legal and health controversies over drugs and the effects that they have on the body. The process of prescription drug startsRead MoreThe Drug Policy Of Opioids1229 Words   |  5 Pages To: Micheal Botticelli, Director Of National Drug Control Policy From: Shimira Gardner National Drug Policy Date: December 2, 2015 Subject: Opioids â€Å"More than 16,600 people a year, die from overdoses of drugs, including Methadone, Morphine, and Oxycodone (OxyContin) and Hydrocodone combined with Acetaminophen (Lortab and Vicodin)† stated Consumers Report. The drugs listed above are all examples of Opioids. They are individual drugs that launch endorphins to the central nervous system whichRead MorePrescribing Addictive Drugs : Drugs1449 Words   |  6 PagesPrescribing Addictive Drugs Since as early as the 1960s, OxyContin and Oxycodone have been considered addictive. During this time these drugs were carefully monitored and controlled. In 1995 this drug was release on the market to the public. This caused the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime to lose control over the safe monitored environment that OxyContin and Oxycodone had previously been categorized within (History of OxyContin). OxyContin and Oxycodone are examples of drugs that are generallyRead MoreThe Problem Of Pain Management1135 Words   |  5 Pagesannotate a letter of request from Purdue Pharmaceutical to the Federal Drug Administration. Campbell, who is a research assistant at the McGill University Biomedical Ethics Unit and author of the book Food and Trembling, and Liem, a journalist, argue that Purdue Pharmaceuticals intentions with the letter of withdrawal are only to benefit themselves as a company and that Purdue’s drug formulation of OxyContin does not deter abuse, but the aut hors fail to back up several of their claims. The letterRead MoreThe Debate Over Legalization Of Marijuana1732 Words   |  7 Pagesthemselves with an insatiable appetite for an even bigger high and that it is a gateway drug. It wouldn’t be difficult to find publications and media outlets armed with terrifying statistics that support this drug can be a facilitator to a path of crime. And just as the numbers seem to win the debate on Marijuana being proclaimed illegal, it is just as easy to find entities who desire to decriminalize the drug because of overcrowding of the prison system and the financial strain on the courts. EssentiallyRead MoreMedical Marijuana Should Not Be Illegal1040 Words   |  5 Pagesfruition because at the federal level, which out ranks that of each individual state’s laws, marijuana is illegal. Its’ Classification as a schedule I drug- one with a high potential for abuse and no currently accepted medical use keeps it as what can be considered just a ‘street’ drug. Leg alizing marijuana for medical use would not just help change the drugs classification, which would promote research; it would protect people from the possible prosecution that all medical marijuana patients currentlyRead MoreThe Black Market Of Illegal Drugs And Pharmaceuticals1592 Words   |  7 PagesStates is the drug and medical market. It is a multi-billion dollar market that serves countless people but is Americans abusing this market? There are definitely many sides to this enormous market but the part that greatly deals with the abuse is the black market that is built are the illegal sales and use of illegal drugs and pharmaceuticals. This black market is heavily abused by Americans today but it is not a new concept to us. This black market surrounding illegal drugs and pharmaceuticalsRead MoreKyle Craig and his Abuse on Adderall1698 Words   |  7 Pagesno one knew is that Kyle illegally looked to Adderall to keep up his â€Å"I’ve got it all together† act. Adderall is a stimulant prescription drug for those with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, also known as ADHD (FDA). Kyle took Adderall illegally and abused it much too often just to perform better academically and socially. While abusing the drug, Kyle slowly began spiraling into a dangerous state of psychosis that no one seemed to catch on to. That dangerous spiral led Kyle all theRead MoreHealth Care Communications Methods1173 Words   |  5 Pagesapproved by the Food and Drug Administration, also known as the FDA. To quote the FDA website, â€Å"Drug companies seeking FDA approval to sell a new prescription drug in the United States must test it in various ways. First are laboratory and animal tests. Nex t are tests in humans to see if the drug is safe and effective when used to treat or diagnose a disease. After testing the drug, the company then sends FDA an application called a New Drug Application (NDA). Some drugs are made out of biologicRead MoreArgumentative Essay On Legalization Of Marijuana1325 Words   |  6 Pagescontroversial subjects today. What is marijuana? It is a drug derived from the dried flowers, leaves, stems, and seeds of the cannabis plant, sativa or indica. The drug causes changes in the users mood and also affects how they think and perceive their environment. Today, marijuana has been misunderstood and interpreted wrongly for the simple fact that people are not well educated about the drug and its positive benefits. Marijuana is considered a gateway drug and the reason for the alleged downfall of our

buddhist temple reflection paper 2 1 - 778 Words

My first experience in a Buddhist temple was quite different than anything I have experienced religion-wise. I visited the Quan Am Monastery (Vietnamese-American Buddhist) at 3500 South Goodlet. I got to experience first-hand how meditation in a Buddhist temple actually works. I was very intrigued to find out how someone outside of the Christian faith, worshipped. As one might expect, the atmosphere was very tranquil. My group members and I called ahead a few days earlier and a man answered the phone and it was very hard to understand what he saying but I know I heard him say â€Å"come on Friday so that’s what we did. When we arrived we stepped outside the vehicle we took a look around and there were two buildings outside. One that had†¦show more content†¦While we were meditating he told us to count every breath that we make and if we start to think of anything start back over at 1. So we closed our eyes and began to meditate. While we were meditating things kept irritating my face, for example a string of hair, but the thing is before we started meditating wasn’t anything bothering me. Isn’t that ironic? After a while it went away when I stop thinking about it; I truly think it was a figment of my imagination. We meditated for at least 30 to 45 minutes. He hit the dung 3 times to let us know the meditation was ending. When I opened my eyes I felt so calm and relaxed as if I had no worries in the world. It was so peaceful. The guy who led meditation opened up the floor for questions, but I really didn’t have any questions to ask because I was so calm and I had already asked all the questions that I needed to know when were outside. So we ended the question part and he let us take pictures. We went outside and put our shoes back on and walked around to the back so he could explain the statues to us. He allowed us to go inside the Vietnamese temple and take a look around and it was the biggest temple I have ever seen. He told us about what goes inside there. The Buddhist people that speak English go inside the temple that looks like a house and the ones that don’t goes inside the big one. We took pictures of the building looked around. They welcomed us to come back if we wanted but I really had enjoyed myself.Show MoreRelatedDifferent Kinds of Religions Essay1359 Words   |  6 Pagesreligion. Across the world, religions have their own beliefs and rituals; however, they are all commonly linked with the tradition of beliefs, holy places of worship, and celebrations. While each contrasting world religion will be discussed in this paper; they will collectively be centered around the question of how each religion practices their own beliefs, places of worship, and celebrations. The first religion that I am going to discuss is Buddhism. Buddhism originated roughly 2,500 years ago inRead MoreBuddhism Artwork Along Silk Road Essay1949 Words   |  8 Pagesa way to spread culture, art, religion, and many other things amongst countries. One of the most outstanding trade routes in the past was the Silk Road found in China. It was a route used by many people to travel and transport goods such as silk, paper, livestock, jewels, and much more, from East to West China. It consisted of land and sea routes, which made transportation and traveling convenient for man in that time period. There were many items traded along the Silk Road that had a profound impactRead MoreSoutheast Asian Region and Orientalism2441 Words   |  10 Pagesbackground, their environmental and physical differences, their religious tolerance, as well as their current political and economical status. The characteristic of this region can be described as: diversity (K Danielson, 2009). In my research paper, I will draw Indonesia as a representation of the whole Southeast Asia region. The reason for doing so is due to Indonesia’s diverse characteristic, which I believe is very representative of the region as a whole. By analyzing President Barack Obama’sRead MoreTheology I - Searching for God in the World Today6745 Words   |  27 Pagesin four years, and then I went to Belgium to earn a doctoral degree for six years from the Catholic University of Louvain. I read so many books, which I had to read over and over again just to understand it, and many times I failed. I wrote so many papers, which my professors returned back to me full of red ink of corrections, and I rewrote them again, and again, and again, till my professors were satisfied. And now, Hall would say those words? Gosh, what did I study in those ten years? It is as ifRead MoreAp World Chapter 14 and 15 Outline Essay3611 Words   |  15 PagesAP World History Test Review: Rise of Islam and East Asia (Chapter 14 and 15) 1. Discuss the following with regards to Islam: A. FOUNDING: Islam was founded by Muhammad when he received word from Allah in a prophecy (or vision). He began life in Mecca where idolatry was a main fact of life but had to flee to Madinah to escape prosecution in what has come to be known as the Hijrah. Islam spread through his family and friends at first but later his companions known as sahabat continued his workRead More One Path, Two Goals: Chinas Technological Domination Over Tibet3157 Words   |  13 Pagessituation is a Tibetans view. Tibetans are introverted people. Their main concern is dealing with the soul. They believe that perfection is obtained through looking internally at a situation. This point of view is heavily based on Tibetans being devout Buddhists. Their perspective tends to be very spiritual. Often, this means a detachment from material possessions and monetary value. Finally, a third way to look at the China-Tibet situation is from a cultural relativist standpoint. This position is theRead MoreRelationship Between Tourism and Cultural Heritage Management: Evidence from Hong Kong7693 Words   |  31 PagesUniversity, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong Department of Geography, The University of Hong Kong/School of Hotel and Tourism Management, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Received 24 November 2003; accepted 4 February 2004 Abstract This paper examines the nature of the relationship between tourism and cultural heritage management in the established urban destination of Hong Kong. In the past, conï ¬â€šict theory has formed the basis of most of the studies of relationships between tourism andRead MoreIntramuros4927 Words   |  20 PagesHUMANITIES 1 (RESEARCH PAPER) HISTORY OF PAINTINGS AND ARTISTS IN THE WORLD ADRIAN M SITCHON PROF. PEREZ 4TH YEAR/BS.HRM/NS (SUBMITTED BY) TABLE OF CONTENT INTRODUCTION HISTORY BODY * EASTERN PAINTING * WESTERN PAINTING * 20th-CENTURY MODERN * AND CONTEMPORARY DEFINITION OF TERMS * FAMOUS PAINTERS * AND BIOGRAPHY * Paintings of famous painters CONCLUSION RECOMMENDATION REFERENCE INTRODUCTION: Painting can be done inRead Moredsfsdsfs4469 Words   |  18 Pagesruns the #5 website in the world. We have only 175 staff but serve 500 million users, and have costs like any other top site: servers, power, programs, and staff. Wikipedia is something special. It is like a library or a public park. It is like a temple for the mind, a place we can all go to think and learn. To protect our independence, we ll never run ads. We take no government funds. We survive on donations averaging about $30. Now is the time we ask. If everyone reading this gave $3, our fundraiserRead MoreAp World History Units 1-3 Study Guide Essay4374 Words   |  18 PagesUnit One 1. 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Why Study Management - 821 Words

0 Why Study Management Feb 19, 2009 by Rashid Javed You may be wondering why you need to study management. If you are an accounting major, a marketing major, or an major other than management, you maynot understand how studying management may help you in your career. We can explain the value of studying management bylooking at the universality of the management, the reality of work, and the rewards and challenges of being a manager. The Universality of Management: Just how universal is the need of management in organizations? We can say with certainty that management is needed in all types and sizes of organizations, at all organizational levels and in all organizational work areas, andin all organizations, no matter what country they are†¦show more content†¦In addition, you shall be able to recognize good management and encourage it, whether it is in an organization with which you are simply interacting or whetherit is in an organization in which you are employed. The Reality of Work: Another reason for studying management is the reality that for most of you, once you graduate from college and being you career, you will either manage or be managed. For those who plan on management careers, an understanding of the management process forms the foundation upon which to build your management skills. For those of you who don\ t see yourself in a management position, you are still likely to have work with managers. Assuming that you will have to work for a living and recognizing that you are verylikely to work in an organization, you shall probably have some managerial responsibilities even if you are not a manager. Our experience tells us that you can gain a great deal of insight into the way your boss behaves and the internal workings of organizations by studying management. Our point is that you don\ t have to aspire to be a manager to gain something valuable from a course in management. Rewards and Challenges of Being a Manger: We cannot leave our discussion of the value of studying management without looking at the rewards and challenges of being a manager. What does it mean to be a manager? Being a manager in today\ s dynamic work place provides many challenge.Show MoreRelatedWhy Is It Important For Study International Financial Management?1928 Words   |  8 PagesWhy is it important to study international financial management? In our globalized world, it is crucial for the international companies understand the complexity of the international financial management that shape the size and the rank of each multinational company in a very aggressive competitive market. 2. How is international financial management different from domestic financial management? International finance treats the financial movements on the global scale, while the domestic finance focusesRead MoreWhy There Is Need to Study Ihrm and Cross Culture Management?1703 Words   |  7 PagesINTRODUCTION Why there is need to study IHRM and cross culture management? For our purposes lets define culture as the way in which each of us is programmed to behave in the environment. Cultures are like icebergs; some features are apparent to anyone not in a fog, while others are deeply hidden. Above-the-surface features include overt behaviors: how people dress eat walk talk relate to one another conduct themselves during public ceremonies such as weddings or funerals. Also included are suchRead MoreWhat Is Organisational Commitment And Why It Is Important?1240 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is organisational commitment and why it is important? The adopted definition for this study corresponds with definitions by Meyer and Allen (1991, p 67) (Allen, 1991)mentioned above. According to this definition organisational commitment â€Å"is a psychological state that characterises the employee’s relationship with the organisation, and has implications for the decision to continue membership in the organisation†. The second characteristic that is used to describe the concept organisational commitmentRead MoreStudy of Organizational Behavior and the Effective Management of People948 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Kseniia Derkach Organizational Behavior I believe that the relationship between the study of Organizational Behavior and the effective management of people in organizations is absolutely direct. It is impossible to manage people in organization effectively without knowledge about OB, organizational structure, communicational skills, empoyees’ satisfaction, motivation, change process, etc. It is impossible to solve any problem or conflict in the organization without understanding of the rulesRead MoreResearching the Changes in Employee Perception During Organizational Change1672 Words   |  7 Pagesbe managed more effectively, researchers have focused on the processes underlying employee resistance. A number of studies have identified issues that concern staff during organizational change (Covin and Kilmann, 1990; Lewis, 2000). Leader behavior is important during organizational change, as leaders provide a vision for the change; give direct support to employees that is why such kind of actions help to bring stability during change and enhance employees’ commitment to it. Till date, littleRead MoreManagement Learning, Performance And Reward : Theory And Practice1179 Words   |  5 PagesWe selected our article titled ‘Management Learning, Performance and Reward: Theory and Practice Revisited’, from The Journal of Management Development. This article looks at the extent to which organizational learning is encouraged and recognized by performance management systems, and whether these HR tools contribute to an organization’s effectiveness by acting as a competitive advantage. An organization’s leadership needs to integrate the process of individuals learning with the idea that theRead MoreThe Role Of Meaningful Work On Work Motivation Theories1286 Words   |  6 Pagesover the alternatives, under the influence of situational factors and individual dispositional factors. These theories focus on the process which evaluates the consequences, hence leading to a particular decision The special edition of Academy of Management Review in 2004 on future of motivation theories was a significant milestone in the field, which noticed stagnation in work motivation research since 1990s and helped the better understanding and advancements in the field. This edition included sixRead MoreCase Study : Organizational Behavior Management1261 Words   |  6 PagesCase Study: Organizational Behavior Management Case Study: Organizational Behavior Management KeAtis Hayes Ashford University MHA 601: Principles of Healthcare Administration Earl Greenia June 12, 2016 Have you ever been in a situation where you could see a problem in a group, but couldnRead MoreOrganisational Culture and Motivation1496 Words   |  6 Pagesorganisational culture of XY Ltd on the motivation of the employees. Therefore, the author wishes to devise the research in such a way that the following objectives would be answered through the study. PROBLEM STATEMENT Assessing the impact of organisational culture on employee motivation; Case study on XY Ltd, Sri Lanka. OBJECTIVES 1. To carry out a comprehensive theoretical analysis over the core concepts of organisational culture, motivation and job satisfaction. 2. To critically analyseRead MoreResearch Question. Where Does Organizational Culture Begin1159 Words   |  5 PagesResearch Question Where does organizational culture begin or end? More specifically, where is this culture deriving from. In organizations, it is unclear where this culture is built from and who is responsible for it? Is it implemented by management, previous management or higher up? And the large ‘who’ question is asked, who determined these values, how are they regulated? Also, asking what is the role of communication in organizational culture? Organizational culture, invisible and often overlooked

Cummer Museum Visit free essay sample

When I was first told I was to visit the Cummer Museum I thought, This is going to be boring. How can I write a paper on just art? However, after my visit, I found there were more things to write about than I had imagined. I come from Washington, D. C. and Im used to visiting museums but I had never seen one with so many different kinds of artwork. From various oil paintings and ancient sculptures to modern photography and ceramic figures. There was even a beautiful garden to enjoy. According to literature, the Cummer Museum is the largest arts museum in Northeast Florida. It was founded in 1958 by Ninah Cummer who had a very nice art collection started in her home. She also loved gardening hence her including the Cummer Gardens with the museum. Mrs. Cummer wanted to share her collection for all to enjoy and also to expand. That is when she and her husband opened the museum. My visit started in the Nancy Reilly Schultz gallery which included the arts of the ancient americas and ancient mediterranean. This art was done by ancient cultural groups from central Mexico, Egypt, Greece which depicted their versions of humanism and Italy. Artwork from ancient Central America based on the human form. Different cultures depicted human beings differently. The Mayans created lifelike carvings. The Mezcala reduced the human figure to geometric angles. Ancient Egyptian art is based on the idea of order. In order to clearly define the social hierarchy of a situation, figures were drawn to sizes based not on their distance from the painters point of view but on relative importance. writing a service improvement plan Ancient Greek art was based on religion and revolved around the Greek gods. Most of the ancient Italian art was based on or copied from Greek and Egyptian artworks. I found these techniques interesting. It makes understanding the artists visions easier. There were so many different styles of artwork from the different cultures. The Haskell gallery included various versions of the Madonna (paintings and sculptures) and other religious figures. My favorite in that room was the painting St. Christopher and the Christ Child. I enjoyed how the artist depicted this man of great size and strength who devoted himself by helping travelers cross a dangerous river. He first pledged his allegiance to Satan and one day a child asked for help crossing the river. He found out after they crossed that child was Christ. He pledged his allegiance to Christ and remained faithful until his death. I had never heard of St. Christopher but his faith and devotion inspired me. There was an area that had artwo rk from the film company that created the first all African-American movie cast. This film company was the Norman Film MFG Company. It was based in Jacksonville. I would have never known this important piece of African-American history if I hadnt visited the Cummer museum and I have been to several African-American museums. While talking to one of the museum workers, I found out that most of the film industry started in Florida and later moved to California. That bit of information made me feel even better about my move to Jacksonville considering Im African-American. I was very surprising considering history of the treatment of African-Americans in the south. The featured display at the time of my visit was in the Betsy and William Lovett Gallery. The Royal Dish Collection by Ralph and Constance Wark was started in 1922. It has grown to over 700 pieces. The collection of early Meissen Porcelain is one of the 3 finest in the world. It includes various beautifully colored pieces, most trimmed in gold. There were collections of red stoneware, japanese and chinese inspired collections, and the most popular style is called Tischenmuster which means little table. Im not a big porcelain fan but those pieces were beautiful. I enjoyed the re-creation of the room in the Cummers home in which the original art collection was started called the Tudor Room. It included actual pieces of furniture from their home. There was also the Cummer Legacy room that showed the plans for the building of the Cummer home and various pictures of it during development and during events held there. I felt this allowed spectators to feel like they were able to share first hand what the Cummers started. One of my favorite pieces was an oil on canvas painting called Passions of Christ by Romare Bearden. He was an African-American artist and writer. I found out that this was one of several paintings in a series created by that artist. He felt that Christs life, death, and resurrection were the greatest expression of mans humanism. I felt this was a wonderful tribute to Christs sacrifice for man. There was another display in the Thomas Jacobsen Gallery of American Art called One in 3. A photographer by the name of Ingrid Damiani took pictures and stories from various youth about the high school dropout rate. The youth she displayed were the ones who made it dispite their odds. Her purpose was to let other youth know that they can have a positive outcome. I agree with her concept and hope that it will make an impact on as many youth as possible. The last place I visited was the Cummer Gardens. It was so beautiful. It reminded me of the garden by the lake that I got married in Las Vegas. Having a garden filled with different flowers and trees with statue fountains in pools next to the St. Johns river was breathtaking. And, I had never seen an oak tree as large or as old and beautiful as the Cummer Oak. I was told that tree was over 200 years old! Coming from up North, I wouldnt get to see anything like that. I was also shown the docking station were the Cummers docked their boat when they visited the museum depicting some of what life was like in the 1920s. I felt having the Art Connections Interactive center was a good idea for the children to interact with the art and make their own contributions. I really enjoyed the Wall of Celebration done by the students with disabilities and the interpretations of the Cummer Gardens by the students at Douglas Anderson school.

Expectations and Stability in Oligopoly Models

Question: Discuss about the Expectations and Stability in Oligopoly Models. Answer: Introduction An oligopoly can best be defined as a market structure where there are very few big firms that cover a huge share in the market. There are many customers but few sellers. In this paper, I aim to explain the characteristics of oligopoly market. There exists a mutual interdependence of the industries when it comes to the situation of making a certain decision concerning the product. Because the seller deals with similar but slightly modified products, when one firm makes a certain decision, it is likely to have an effect on the other firms hence the need to consider the actions of a competing firm. Because a firm considers the other as its competitor or rival, there is the need to put into consideration the reaction of the other industries when taking an action. Therefore there is the need to keep an eye on the other firms. An oligopoly market is characterized by having few firms that are large, there are large numbers of customers who are after the product but the sellers are just a few. For example, in the field of producing automobiles, a country can have only a few producers of these goods and services, An oligopoly market deals with goods and services that are the same or homogeneous but have been they have been differentiated. This means that the products can have different branding or packaging in order to attract more buyers in the market. A good example of a differentiated product is the different types of toothpaste. There is freedom to leave the market. A firm can leave the market at will. However, there are restrictions when it comes to entering the market which may include licensing, economies of scale and high capital requirement. The can practice monopoly since the few firms control the prices of products and output. The firms seem to be competing in the market where an individual firm takes the other as a rival. However the firms they have to work together in cooperation due to the interdependence among them. This means that a firm cannot operate on its own since it has to consult others when setting the prices of the rebranded products. References Fudenberg, D., Tirole, J. (2013). Dynamic models of oligopoly. Taylor Francis. Okuguchi, K. (2013). Expectations and stability in oligopoly models (Vol. 138). Springer Science Business Media.